香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,4,6,4'-Tetrabenzyl-maesopsin | 14185-71-8 | C43H36O6 |
| —— | 3-(2,3-Dihydro-4-benzofuranyl)piperidine | 1211589-33-1 | C13H17NO |
| —— | 2-(7-Chloro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-propionitrile | 57899-22-6 | C12H12ClNO |
| —— | (1S,2R)-2-[([1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethyl]-{4-[2-(2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-3-methoxy-benzyl}-amino)-methyl]-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester | 1443020-89-0 | C31H38N2O7 |
| —— | 1043964-34-6 | C75H74NO10P4S4*F6P | |
| —— | 3-(4-{(1S,3S)-3-[(R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethylamino]-cyclopentyl}-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester | 1157581-15-1 | C26H33NO3 |
| —— | 2-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl-2<i>H</i>-chromene-3,6,8-tricarboxylic acid trimethyl ester | 16476-06-5 | C18H20O8 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-(1,3-dimethylbutoxy)benzofuran-5-yl methanesulphonate | 58740-99-1 | C17H26O5S |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide | 1048959-34-7 | C26H34N2O3 |
| —— | 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-5-methyl-benzofuran-2-one | 155794-20-0 | C17H16O4 |
| —— | N-[1-(5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)-2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-amine | 1187976-50-6 | C21H23BrN2OS |
| —— | 2-(3-Hydroxy-propylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 21130-36-9 | C12H17NO2 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-2-(3-isopropyloxypropylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 17793-84-9 | C16H25NO2 |
| —— | 1-phenyl-3-p-tolyl-(3ar,8bc)-3a,8b-dihydro-1H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyrazole | 40277-66-5 | C22H18N2O |
| —— | 5,7-dichloro-2,4-bis-trichloromethyl-4<i>H</i>-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6-ol | 411210-02-1 | C10H4Cl8O3 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid [4-(4-isobutoxy-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-amide | 15850-77-8 | C22H22N2O3S |
| —— | 7-[5-Chloro-3-morpholin-4-yl-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-8-hydroxypyrano[2,3-b]pyrazin-6-one | 1335046-39-3 | C18H13ClF3N3O4 |
| —— | 6-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-phenyl-5-(6-hydroxy-cumaranyl-5-methyl)-pyrimidin | 18006-89-8 | C20H18N2O3 |
| —— | N-[5-[4-[5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carbonylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]butyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxamide | 1439390-81-4 | C26H24N6O4S2 |
| —— | 2-(3-Isopropyloxy-propylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 17793-82-7 | C15H23NO2 |
| —— | 5-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 91969-80-1 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | ethyl 5-amino-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylate | 113730-03-3 | C11H11Cl2NO3 |
| —— | (2S)-5,7-bis(benzyloxy)-8-benzyl-2-[3,4-bis(benzyloxy)phenyl]chroman-3-one | 850307-81-2 | C50H42O6 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl(4-methoxyphenyl)methanaminium chloride | 1187993-13-0 | C16H17NO2*ClH |
| —— | 4-Benzoylamino-6-fluoro-chroman-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 121773-27-1 | C18H16FNO4 |
| —— | 2-(Dipropylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 46839-31-0 | C15H23NO |
| —— | 1-[5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-4-hydroxythiophen-3-yl]ethanone | 1294519-07-5 | C14H12O3S |
| —— | (+)-3,3a,8b-Trihydro-3,3a,6,8b-tetramethylcyclopenta<b>benzofuran | 73307-76-3 | C15H18O |
| —— | 3-(2-Methyl-2.3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-3-oxo-propionsaeure-aethylester | 107620-76-8 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | 9-methoxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydro-3H-benzofuro<3,2-e>isoquinolin-7(7aH)-one | 87308-00-7 | C17H17NO3 |
| —— | 1236124-83-6 | C13H12N2O3 | |
| —— | 4,7-dioxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,6.03,5]dodeca-1(12),8,10-triene | 101621-60-7 | C10H8O2 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid (1S,9S,12S)-1,4-dimethyl-8,13-dioxa-tricyclo[7.3.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]trideca-2,4,6,10-tetraen-12-yl ester | 89177-84-4 | C14H16O5S |
| —— | 4-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)but-2-enenitrile | 113002-42-9 | C12H11NO |
| —— | N3,N3,N8,N8-tetraethyl-5a-methyl-5a,11,11a,12-tetrahydrochromeno[2,3-b]chromene-3,8-diamine | 1383125-16-3 | C25H34N2O2 |
| —— | 2,2,4-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbonyl chloride | 1126854-75-8 | C12H13ClO2 |
| —— | (6-Chloro-2,2-dimethyl-chroman-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 136758-58-2 | C16H22ClNO3 |
| —— | 5-Bromo-7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-ol | 1465873-61-3 | C8H6BrClO2 |
| —— | (2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-(1,1-dimethyl-2-phenyl-ethyl)-methyl-amine | 19997-58-1 | C20H25NO |
| —— | 5-Methoxy-2-(3-methoxypropylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 21130-28-9 | C14H21NO3 |
| —— | 11-Aethoxycarbonyl-3,5a,8-trimethyl-benzofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran | 1569-29-5 | C20H20O4 |
| —— | 11-Carboxy-2,4,5a,9-tetramethyl-benzofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran | 1569-24-0 | C19H18O4 |
| —— | (1R,2R)-2-[(R)-2-(4-Phenyl-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-yl]-cyclopropanecarbaldehyde oxime | 532400-27-4 | C22H25NO2 |
| —— | (-)-3,3a,8b-Trihydro-3,3a,6,8b-tetramethylcyclopenta<b>benzofuran | 73307-75-2 | C15H18O |
| —— | 7-Chlor-2-(3-isopropyloxy-propylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 17793-79-2 | C15H22ClNO2 |
| —— | Benzofuran, 6-ethenyl-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl- | 1440960-81-5 | C12H14O |
| —— | N-[2,3-dihydro-4,7-dimethoxy--6-(2-piperidinoethoxy)-5-benzofuranyl]acetamide oxalate hydrate | 75884-17-2 | 3C2H2O4*2C19H28N2O5 |
| —— | 4-[(2R)-2-hydroxypropyl]imino-2,7-dipentyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-5-ol | 129679-20-5 | C22H35NO3 |
| —— | 5-methyl-N-(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-7-carboxamide hydrochloride | 99517-33-6 | C17H24N2O2*ClH |
| —— | (R)-7-chloro-2,2-diethylchroman-4-amine | 1299327-88-0 | C13H18ClNO |