香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-epoxybenzofuran | 136795-97-6 | C10H9ClO2 |
| —— | (E)-2-benzylidene-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan-3-ol | 87606-85-7 | C16H14O3 |
| —— | 3-(2-chloro-4-((5-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid | 1234841-74-7 | C21H22Cl2O4 |
| —— | trans-2,3-dimethyl-5-(trans-2-butenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 136264-50-1 | C14H18O |
| —— | 7-(chloromethyl)-5-fluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1352740-36-3 | C11H12ClFO2 |
| —— | methyl 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methylbenzofuran-6-carboxylate | 79950-55-3 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | 5-chloro-7-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 150805-89-3 | C8H6ClNO3 |
| —— | 6-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-isopropenyl-4-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 1058196-48-7 | C18H26O4Si |
| —— | (3S,4R)-8-methyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-4-(nitromethyl)chroman-2-one | 1330059-63-6 | C15H17NO4 |
| —— | N-Cyclopropyl-3-<2,3-epoxy-propyl>-3-phenyl-2-benzofuranon-imin | 88889-60-5 | C20H19NO2 |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2,2,5-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 820257-92-9 | C20H24O |
| —— | 7-bromo-3,3-dimethyl-5-[(1S,2S)-1,2-methano-1-methyl-3-oxo-propyl]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 623176-45-4 | C15H17BrO2 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-7-bromo-3,5-dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzoxazepine | 1345731-85-2 | C11H14BrNO |
| —— | (+/-)-trans-Meraezinsaeure | 54809-16-4 | C15H18O5 |
| —— | 4-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-3-ylmethylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl)butyric acid methyl ester | 370065-78-4 | C15H19NO3S2 |
| —— | 3-[(7-benzyloxy-3-butyl-chroman-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-propan-1-ol | 507482-25-9 | C24H33NO3 |
| —— | 4-phenoxycarbonylamino-chroman-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 1210458-05-1 | C19H19NO5 |
| —— | (S)-N-(2-(1-phenylethylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-((1-sulfamoylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxamide | 1224600-30-9 | C27H32N6O4S |
| —— | 3-(4-formylphenyl)-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 820259-10-7 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | 1196967-75-5 | C25H33N3O3S | |
| —— | 1-{2-[(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-carbonyl)-amino]-ethyl}-1H-[1,2,3]triazole-4-carboxylic acid [cyano-(4-ethyl-phenyl)-methyl]-amide | 1613252-74-6 | C24H24N6O3 |
| —— | 1,14-bis(4-methylphenyl)-2,13,21-trioxapentacyclo[12.6.1.03,12.04,9.015,20]henicosa-3(12),4,6,8,10,15,17,19-octaene | 62423-40-9 | C32H24O3 |
| —— | Dibenzofuran, 1,2,4a,9b-tetrahydro-8-methyl-, cis- | 91713-35-8 | C13H14O |
| —— | 5-bromo-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 820257-86-1 | C19H21BrO |
| —— | 2-(azidomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-methoxybenzofuran | 1311989-96-4 | C10H11N3O2 |
| —— | 3,8-diamino-4b,9b-dihydro-benzofuro[3,2-<i>b</i>]benzofuran | 108851-40-7 | C14H12N2O2 |
| —— | 4-isopropyl-5-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine | 97528-18-2 | C13H19NO |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-5-fluoro-7-(2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-59-6 | C16H14FN3O |
| —— | ethyl (Z)-7-chloro-2-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-4-hydroxychromane-4-carboxylate | 1380746-05-3 | C16H17ClO6 |
| —— | 1-{2-[4-((3S,4R)-7-Methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-nitro-3-phenyl-chroman-4-yl)-2-nitro-phenoxy]-ethyl}-pyrrolidine | 78838-28-5 | C30H33N3O7 |
| —— | N-({4-bromo-6-[(2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]pyridin-2-yl}carbamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | 1158786-07-2 | C16H15BrF2N4O4S |
| —— | 4-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-2-ylmethylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl)butyric acid methyl ester | 370065-76-2 | C15H19NO3S2 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-N-(2-methylbenzyl)-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-50-5 | C25H23NO7 |
| —— | (5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-methanol | 68224-07-7 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-(2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-60-7 | C26H25NO7 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-35-8 | C15H12ClN3O |
| —— | (2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-6-YL)methanamine hcl | 1820906-52-2 | C9H12ClNO |
| —— | 5,7-dichloro-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 98192-37-1 | C10H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | (2-Ethoxy-ethyl)-(7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amine | 62035-17-0 | C14H21NO3 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-5-chloro-2-methyl-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-64-3 | C16H14ClN3O |
| —— | 5-fluoro-2,2-dipropyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carbaldehyde | 1352740-30-7 | C15H19FO2 |
| —— | 4-(7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-one | 136138-99-3 | C13H15NO3 |
| —— | 1589534-87-1 | C19H14O4S | |
| —— | 2-(4-((5-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)benzyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid | 1234843-90-3 | C22H23ClO4 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-(2-bromobenzyl)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-46-9 | C24H20BrNO7 |
| —— | 5-fluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carbaldehyde | 1352740-39-6 | C12H13FO3 |
| —— | 5,7-dichloro-3-(iodomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 107616-51-3 | C9H7Cl2IO |
| —— | 1346461-27-5 | C13H19NO2*ClH | |
| —— | 1346461-31-1 | C19H23NO2*ClH | |
| —— | 3,8-bis((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-ol | 713520-45-7 | C25H38O4Si2 |