香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-phenylchroman-3-ol | 25864-02-2 | C15H14O2 |
| —— | 3-[4-[2-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)acetyl]piperidino]methyl-1H-pyrazin-2-one | 614729-13-4 | C20H23N3O3 |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(methylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488124-63-6 | C18H17Cl2NOS |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-ethoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-37-7 | C19H19Cl2NO2 |
| —— | (2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)(methyl)amine hydrochloride | 1645513-87-6 | C10H14ClNO |
| —— | 1073619-00-7 | C13H15N5O | |
| —— | {(3S)-6-[(1R)-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-indan-1-yloxy]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl}-acetic acid | 1380391-18-3 | C22H21F3O5 |
| —— | 1258401-90-9 | C33H34F3NO8S | |
| —— | 5-bromo-7-cyclohexylmethyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 623176-26-1 | C17H23BrO |
| —— | ethylsulfamic acid 3,3-dimethyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl ester | 55530-88-6 | C16H24N2O5S |
| —— | rac-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid {3-[5-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl]-thiazolidin-2-ylmethyl}-amide | 1204583-95-8 | C25H25N3O4S2 |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl 4-iodobenzylcarbamate | 1361454-02-5 | C18H18INO3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-3-phenyl-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid, vinyl ester | 110745-19-2 | C17H12O4 |
| —— | trans-1-amino-4-phenyl-4-(3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-3-oxo-2-azaprop-1-yl)cyclohexane | 267403-86-1 | C22H26N2O2 |
| —— | Amolanone Hydrochloride | 6009-67-2 | C20H24ClNO2 |
| —— | rac-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid {3-[5-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-thiazole-4-carbonyl]-thiazolidin-2-ylmethyl}-amide | 1204584-58-6 | C23H20FN3O3S2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid {(1S,3S,5S)-2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl]-2-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3-ylmethyl}-amide | 1112138-91-6 | C28H28FN3O3S |
| —— | 1350911-00-0 | C31H35NO3Si | |
| —— | 5-methyl-4-(1-(p-tolyl)vinyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1582778-60-6 | C18H18O |
| —— | 3-(3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-(3a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-3a,8a-dihydro-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-<i>d</i>]isoxazole | 63447-08-5 | C18H15Cl2NO2 |
| —— | N-[2-[(4-aminopyrimidin-5-yl)amino]ethyl]-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-1,3-benzodioxine-6-carboxamide | 1401529-46-1 | C17H19N5O4 |
| —— | Butyl-(7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-amine | 62035-11-4 | C14H21NO2 |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-76-4 | C21H23Cl2N3O |
| —— | 3-{6-{[(2-chloro-6-ethylphenyl)methyl] sulfanyl}-2H-spiro[1-benzofuran-3,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl}-2-methylpropanoic acid hydrochloride | 1355085-42-5 | C25H30ClNO3S*ClH |
| —— | (2R)-methanesulfonic acid-7-bromo-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2ylmethyl ester | 872518-69-9 | C10H11BrO4S |
| —— | 7a-Methyl-2a,7a-dihydro-benzofuro<2,3-b>azetin | 21353-30-0 | C10H9NO |
| —— | 5-nitro-3-phenyl-2(3H)-benzofuranone | 95067-62-2 | C14H9NO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-N-[2-(aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)amine | 852115-24-3 | C15H14Cl2N2O |
| —— | 4-(nitromethyl)-2-propan-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde | 1330059-56-7 | C14H17NO4 |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-7-iso-propyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-boronic acid | 623175-93-9 | C13H19BO3 |
| —— | 2-(Ethylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 21130-02-9 | C11H15NO |
| —— | 2-(N-Phenylaminomethylen)-3(2H)-benzofuranthion | 55136-24-8 | C15H11NOS |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-butoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-49-1 | C21H22Cl3NO2 |
| —— | trans-2-Hydro-3-deutero-2,3-dichlorbenzofuran | 70749-80-3 | C8H6Cl2O |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[3-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]prop-2-enyl]carbamate | 1047664-42-5 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | 4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-4,4-dimethoxybutanoic acid potassium salt | 905590-55-8 | C14H17O5*K |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-(butylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-23-1 | C21H22Cl3NOS |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (4,4-dimethylpiperidinosulfenyl)(methyl)carbamate | 55285-17-1 | C19H28N2O3S |
| —— | 3-Dimethoxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-carbaldehyde | 72934-67-9 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | N-[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl]-methanesulfonamide | 620604-50-4 | C13H17N3O3S |
| —— | 6-ethyl-4,6-dimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran | 1408054-00-1 | C17H18O |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-(methylthio)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzoxazepine | 1345731-76-1 | C12H17NOS |
| —— | N-[(1R)-1-(4-{[(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)ethyl]methanesulfonamide hydrochloride | 1609623-32-6 | C19H24N2O3S*ClH |
| —— | rac-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid [3-(2-dimethylamino-5-m-tolyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl)-thiazolidin-2-ylmethyl]-amide | 1204584-73-5 | C26H28N4O3S2 |
| —— | dimethyl 2,8'-dimethoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethylspiro[1,3-dioxa-2λ5-phosphacyclopentane-2,2'-3,4-dihydro-1,2λ5-benzoxaphosphinine]-3',4'-dicarboxylate | 107905-87-3 | C20H29O9P |
| —— | 1073619-02-9 | C13H15N5O | |
| —— | 2-Aminomethyl-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 62035-49-8 | C10H13NO2 |
| —— | 4-Bromo-7-methoxy-2-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 117266-76-9 | C9H8BrNO4 |
| —— | (+)-(2S,3R,1'S,6'R)-5,7-dihydroxy-3,6'-epoxy-1',2',3',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-3',4'-secoflava-4',1'-lactone-3'-oic acid methyl ester | 1196997-53-1 | C18H20O8 |
| —— | 1446282-62-7 | C19H22N2O2 |