香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,4,4-triethyl-3-methyl-2',4',7-trihydroxyflavan | 189020-67-5 | C22H28O4 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-5-methylthiocarbamoylacetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-benzo<b>furancarboxylic acid | 126200-52-0 | C13H11Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydro-5-benzofuryl)-2-pyrrolidinone | 1325189-64-7 | C12H13NO2 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-5-(3-methylamino-3-propargylthio-2-propenoyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-benzo<b>furancarboxylic acid | 126200-43-9 | C16H13Cl2NO4S |
| —— | (S)-3-(2-trimethylsilylethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1571985-00-6 | C13H20OSi |
| —— | 3-(2-ethyl-3-fluoro-4-((5-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-2,2,3,3-tetradeuteriopropanoic acid | 1234844-57-5 | C22H24F2O4 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-(2-ethyl-3,5,6-trimethylbenzyl)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925440-04-6 | C29H31NO7 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-3-aminochroman | 23915-75-5 | C10H13NO |
| —— | (5R,6S,7S)-6-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-[5-trifluoromethoxydihydrobenzofuran-7-yl]-1-oxaspiro [4.4]non-3-ene-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 206758-63-6 | C25H22F4O5 |
| —— | 1-(7-((3S,5R)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one | 1325188-91-7 | C18H25N3O2 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-N-(4-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbenzyl)-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-79-8 | C27H27NO8 |
| —— | 4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)-N-{3-[(methylsulfonyl)methyl]phenyl}-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine | 1403987-74-5 | C19H18N4O3S |
| —— | 1-amino-3-[(2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]propan-2-ol | 954261-07-5 | C13H19NO3 |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-propoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-38-8 | C20H21Cl2NO2 |
| —— | 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl-7-bromo-1,2-dihydrobenzofuran | 325145-34-4 | C9H6BrF3O2 |
| —— | 2-(5-chloro-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)acetonitrile | 1308795-50-7 | C11H10ClNO |
| —— | 7-cyano-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate | 664364-66-3 | C12H10F3NO4S |
| —— | 3-(2,6-difluoro-4-((5-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methoxy)phenyl)propanoic acid | 1234842-05-7 | C20H19F3O4 |
| —— | N-((benzylamino)(phenylamino)methylene)-2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-sulfonamide | 1196967-68-6 | C27H31N3O3S |
| —— | (+/-)-benzyl {[7-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}carbamate | 852112-69-7 | C23H18Cl3NO3 |
| —— | 4-Benzyliden-6-ethoxy-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-dibenzofuran-9b-propionamid | 96669-49-7 | C24H27NO3 |
| —— | 6-t-butyl-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 133326-65-5 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | 2,3,4,4a,6,6a-Hexahydro-6aα-hydroxy-9-methoxy-4aβ,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1H-5,11-dioxadibenzo<a,d>pentalen | 110177-43-0 | C18H22O5 |
| —— | 3,9,11-trimethoxy-chromeno[3,4-<i>b</i>]chromene-6,12-dione | 109688-10-0 | C19H14O7 |
| —— | (7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl azide | 1072073-23-4 | C15H13N3O |
| —— | 3-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-butylamine | 465529-64-0 | C12H17NO |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-{2-[3,4-dimethyl-3H-thiazol-(2E)-ylidene]-acetyl}-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 105978-85-6 | C20H21Cl2NO4S |
| —— | (7-(chloromethyl)-5-fluoro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methyl acetate | 1352740-49-8 | C13H14ClFO3 |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-propyl-N-cyclohexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-6-amine | 488124-86-3 | C26H32Cl2N2O |
| —— | (5-fluoro-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methyl acetate | 1352740-48-7 | C13H15FO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-5-fluoro-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-60-9 | C15H11F2N3O |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-((E)-3-methylamino-3-prop-2-ynylsulfanyl-acryloyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 126200-99-5 | C20H21Cl2NO4S |
| —— | N-[(3R)-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]-6-methoxy-5-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine-2-carboxamide | 1294002-69-9 | C19H17ClN4O3 |
| —— | 1,3,4b,6,8,9b-Hexamethyl-4b,9b-dihydro-benzofuro<3.2-b>benzofuran | 59521-23-2 | C20H22O2 |
| —— | 7-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid | 1781722-45-9 | C9H9NO3 |
| —— | N-((4R)-2'-amino-5',5'-difluoro-2-phenyl-5',6'-dihydrospiro[chroman-4,4'-[1,3]oxazine]-6-yl)-5-chloropicolinamide | 1415107-93-5 | C24H19ClF2N4O3 |
| —— | 5-((E)-3-Amino-3-methylsulfanyl-acryloyl)-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 126201-00-1 | C17H19Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 6-Cyclohexyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-furo<3,2-c>pyran-4-on | 125281-84-7 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072072-99-1 | C16H15N3O |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-08-5 | C10H7ClF3N3O |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-cyclohexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-6-amine | 488124-46-5 | C23H26Cl2N2O |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid (1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-4,4'-bipyrimidinyl-2-ylmethyl)amide | 1083006-18-1 | C19H17N5O3 |
| —— | 89177-89-9 | C15H16O6 | |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-propyl)-<3>cumaranylmethylamin | 92323-13-2 | C14H21NO2 |
| —— | 937254-94-9 | C18H19N3O4 | |
| —— | methyl 4-(dimethylamino)-5-methoxy-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate | 1567366-14-6 | C14H17NO4 |
| —— | 82823-96-9 | C40H51O2Ta | |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-epoxybenzo<b>furan | 135831-49-1 | C10H10O2 |
| —— | 3-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 1325189-68-1 | C11H11NO3 |
| —— | (2'S,3S,6'R)-2'-phenyl-6'-(thiophen-3-yl)-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,1'-cyclohexane]-2,4'-dione | 1262424-41-8 | C23H18O3S |