香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(3-methylphenyl)-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-09-2 | C22H21NO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-88-4 | C16H12F5NO |
| —— | (+/-)-4-benzyl-N-isobutyl-N-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)methyl]morpholine-2-carboxamide | 941709-21-3 | C25H28F4N2O4 |
| —— | (7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-[3-(tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethoxy)-propyl]-amine | 62035-27-2 | C18H27NO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(aminomethyl)-7-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile | 852282-16-7 | C16H13ClN2O |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2-methylphenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-21-8 | C17H19NO2 |
| —— | N-benzyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820259-33-4 | C18H21NO |
| —— | 57113-38-9 | C14H6N4O2 | |
| —— | Ethyl 2-(7-acetyloxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)acetate | 765302-79-2 | C14H16O5 |
| —— | 4-(5-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-2-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methylpentan-2-ol | 609807-08-1 | C22H19BrClF7O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-55-5 | C18H21NO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-80-6 | C17H16F3NO2 |
| —— | 2,8,9-Tris-benzyloxy-3-methoxy-6a,11a-dihydro-6H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-c]chromene | 337313-22-1 | C37H32O6 |
| —— | 7-Methoxy-2-p-tolylsulfanylmethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 101041-45-6 | C17H18O2S |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-4-[1-Benzylamino-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-8,9b-dimethyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86658-14-2 | C22H21NO2 |
| —— | 4-(2,3-Dihydro-2-methyl-5-benzofuranyl)-I+/--methylbenzenemethanamine | 1179962-34-5 | C17H19NO |
| —— | 3-(carboxy-methyl)-5-cyano-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 130105-57-6 | C11H9NO3 |
| —— | N-benzyl-3-(3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl)-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820259-40-3 | C27H29NO3 |
| —— | N-benzyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-3,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820257-41-8 | C27H31NO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-23-0 | C17H19NO3 |
| —— | (+/-)-(7-bromo-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methanol | 852116-37-1 | C10H11BrO2 |
| —— | N-(2-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-ethyl-6-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-furo[2,3-f]indole-7-carboxamide | 103113-99-1 | C20H20N2O4S |
| —— | (4aS,9bS)-2,6-Di-tert-butyl-8,9b-dimethyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 18738-85-7 | C22H30O2 |
| —— | 5-bromo-7-chloro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 90725-37-4 | C9H8BrClO |
| —— | 2-((2R,3S)-3,5-dimethyl-3-vinyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)-N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide | 1393374-10-1 | C16H21NO3 |
| —— | 2-chloro-N-(5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-3-benzofuryl)acetamide | 117752-31-5 | C10H9Cl2NO2 |
| —— | 4,18-trans,trans-dipropenyl-6,7,9,10,12,13,15,16-octahydro-5,11,17-trioxa-8,14-diaza-dibenzo[a,c]cycloheptadecene-8,14-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 73429-28-4 | C32H42N2O7 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl [(N-di-n-propoxyphosphinyl) (N-methyl)aminosulfenyl][methyl]carbamate | 64354-04-7 | C19H31N2O6PS |
| —— | Formic acid 2-formyloxymethyl-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl ester | 138223-88-8 | C12H12O6 |
| —— | 5-chloro-7-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-trifluoromethyloxiranyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 849354-08-1 | C15H16ClF3O2 |
| —— | (3R)-3-hydroxymethyl-6-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 502435-04-3 | C9H9FO2 |
| —— | 2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethyl]-amide | 701913-67-9 | C20H20FNO2 |
| —— | ethyl (2E)-2-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3H-chromene-4-carboxylate | 1380745-83-4 | C17H20O7 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-17-2 | C16H16FNO2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-1-m-tolyl-ethanol | 86767-17-1 | C17H18O2 |
| —— | 4-chlorocatecholborane | 229024-45-7 | C6H4BClO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-42-0 | C16H16ClNO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(4-butylphenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-95-3 | C20H22F3NO |
| —— | (+/-)-β-(2,3-dihydro-5-methoxy-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-benzofuranyl)propionitrile | 154954-45-7 | C15H19NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-isopropyl-7-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-62-4 | C18H20ClNO |
| —— | 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-dihydrobenzofuran | 62815-84-3 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | Piperidine, 2-(2,3-dihydro-6-benzofuranyl)-, (2R)- | 1259906-81-4 | C13H17NO |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-3-(2-hydroxypropyl)benzofuran-5-ol | 32559-02-7 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | [3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-8-yl]-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-methanone | 1211546-91-6 | C22H19ClFNO3 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl) amine | 852122-84-0 | C16H12Cl2F3NO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-13-8 | C21H17F2NO |
| —— | 2-(5-chloro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)acetonitrile | 1372769-15-7 | C11H10ClNO |
| —— | 3-Acetonyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-ol | 32559-00-5 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2,2,5-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-amine | 820257-98-5 | C20H25NO |
| —— | 1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazole hydrochloride | 1034918-83-6 | C13H14N2O*ClH |