香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-(3-((2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-benzofuranyl)oxy)propoxy)benzeneacetic acid methyl ester | 119795-31-2 | C20H22O6 |
| —— | [(3S)-6-{[(3R)-7-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]acetic acid | 1258395-77-5 | C18H16BrNO4 |
| —— | methyl {(3S)-6-[{7-[(2-aminophenyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}acetate | 1258399-14-2 | C27H24F3N3O5 |
| —— | N,N-dimethyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | 1614233-63-4 | C17H24BNO4 |
| —— | (3S)-3-[(3S)-5-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyl-1-benzofuran-3-yl]-1-phenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione | 1258326-23-6 | C25H19NO4 |
| —— | (3R)-3-[2,2-bis(benzenesulfonyl)ethyl]-5-methyl-3-phenyl-1-benzofuran-2-one | 1374605-24-9 | C29H24O6S2 |
| —— | 3-<3-Chlor-propyl>-3-phenyl-2-benzofuranon | 6345-90-0 | C17H15ClO2 |
| —— | 3-(2-phenylethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxaldehyde | 861398-57-4 | C17H16O2 |
| —— | 3-(2-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)propan-1-amine | 465529-43-5 | C12H17NO |
| —— | 3-[[4-[4,7-difluoro-2-[1-(5-propylpyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]sulfonyl]propan-1-ol | 1346529-51-8 | C28H36F2N4O4S |
| —— | 2-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxaldehyde | 873925-03-2 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | 4-[(3,5-Dichloro-pyridin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl]-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 185400-06-0 | C15H12Cl2N2O3 |
| —— | 3-[[4-[7-fluoro-2-[1-(5-propylpyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]sulfonyl]propan-1-ol | 1346529-39-2 | C28H37FN4O4S |
| —— | 4-{2-[1-(5-ethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-piperidin-4-yl]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl}-benzoic acid | 1391083-57-0 | C26H27N3O3 |
| —— | 4-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)piperidine hydrochloride | 193357-42-5 | C13H17NO*ClH |
| —— | 2,3,3a,8a-Tetrahydro-benzo[b]furo[3,2-d]furan-2-ol | 53737-92-1 | C10H10O3 |
| —— | 3a,8a-dihydro-2H,3H,3aH,8aH-benzo[b]oxolano[3,2-d]furan | 63817-76-5 | C10H10O2 |
| —— | 1-Phenyl-1,2-dihydro-naphtho[2,1-<i>b</i>]furan | 146173-35-5 | C18H14O |
| —— | 2-(5-chloro-2-methylphenylimino)-3-phenylimino-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1224234-79-0 | C21H15ClN2O |
| —— | 2-(2-methylphenylimino)-3-phenylimino-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1224234-76-7 | C21H16N2O |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-nitrobenzofuran | 174832-39-4 | C11H13NO3 |
| —— | 6-(5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-6-methyl-4-trifluoromethylhept-1-yn-4-ol | 849354-09-2 | C17H18ClF3O2 |
| —— | {4-[6-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-trifluoromethylhept-1-ynyl]pyridin-3-yl}carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 1245526-96-8 | C27H31F3N2O4 |
| —— | 6-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-6-methyl-4-trifluoromethylhept-1-yn-4-ol | 1245526-95-7 | C17H19F3O2 |
| —— | {4-[6-(5-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-trifluoromethylhept-1-ynyl]pyridin-3-yl}carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 1245526-97-9 | C27H30ClF3N2O4 |
| —— | 3-iodomethyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1266570-79-9 | C15H13IO |
| —— | 7-[4-(2,3-dichloro-5-phenylmethoxyphenoxy)butoxy]-2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran | 884604-55-1 | C27H28Cl2O4 |
| —— | ethyl 2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxylate | 100117-42-8 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 6-chloro-3-phenyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one | 812685-88-4 | C14H9ClO2 |
| —— | (R)-methyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-((S)-((S)-6-bromo-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate | 1417999-26-8 | C32H23Br2NO5 |
| —— | 5-(2,3-dihydro-2,2,4,5,7-pentamethylbenzofuran-6-yl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one | 157189-18-9 | C19H24O3 |
| —— | 6-bromo-3-phenylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one | 1284257-28-8 | C14H9BrO2 |
| —— | 1-Butylamino-3-(5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-dibenzofuran-2-yloxy)-propan-2-ol | 107828-77-3 | C19H29NO3 |
| —— | 2,2,4-Trimethyl-5,7-dichlor-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 6834-35-1 | C11H12Cl2O |
| —— | 1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydrodibenzofuran-8-ol | 31130-22-0 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 1-(5a,6,7,8,9,9a-Hexahydro-dibenzofuran-2-yloxy)-3-imidazol-1-yl-propan-2-ol | 107828-76-2 | C18H22N2O3 |
| —— | 1-tert-Butylamino-3-(5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-dibenzofuran-2-yloxy)-propan-2-ol | 107828-74-0 | C19H29NO3 |
| —— | 1-(5a,6,7,8,9,9a-Hexahydro-dibenzofuran-2-yloxy)-3-isopropylamino-propan-2-ol | 107828-73-9 | C18H27NO3 |
| —— | 5-chloro-2-(methylthiomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 81077-73-8 | C10H11ClOS |
| —— | 5-methyl-2-(methylthiomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 81077-72-7 | C11H14OS |
| —— | 2-(methylthiomethyl)-5-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 81077-74-9 | C10H11NO3S |
| —— | (R,S)-(6-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-methanol | 1050426-12-4 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | (R)-5-chloro-3-(6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-ylamino)-1-(1-cyclopropylethyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one | 1173435-87-4 | C17H17Cl2N3O2 |
| —— | 6-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-amine | 1173434-87-1 | C8H8ClNO |
| —— | 5-Aethyl-2-methylcoumaran | 58621-46-8 | C11H14O |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-5-trifluoromethoxybenzofuran | 467467-31-8 | C10H9F3O2 |
| —— | 5-bromo-7-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-3-ethyl-3-methylbenzofuran | 205241-89-0 | C15H21BrO |
| —— | 5-(3-bromopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1057678-15-5 | C11H13BrO |
| —— | methyl 2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carboxylate | 53596-64-8 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 4-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-butanamine | 465529-67-3 | C12H17NO |