香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-2-methylpropanamide | —— | C16H23NO3 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-3-thiophen-2-ylpropanamide | —— | C19H23NO3S |
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—— | (3S)-1-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-N-[[(2R)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide | —— | C24H27ClN2O4 |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-3-thiophen-3-ylpropanamide | —— | C19H23NO3S |
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—— | 2-[2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)phenoxy]-N-[[(2R)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]acetamide | —— | C23H27NO4S2 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-6-oxo-1-propylpyridazine-3-carboxamide | —— | C20H25N3O4 |
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—— | (2S,3R)-2,3-dimethyl-N-propyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C14H19NO2 |
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—— | (2R,3R)-2,3-dimethyl-N-propyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C14H19NO2 |
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—— | (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-N-propyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C14H19NO2 |
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—— | (2R,3S)-N-[(2R)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C22H25NO4 |
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—— | (2S,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C14H15N3O2S |
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—— | methyl 5-[[(2S,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carbonyl]amino]thiophene-2-carboxylate | —— | C17H17NO4S |
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—— | (2S,3S)-N-(6-amino-1-butyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)-N-benzyl-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C26H30N4O4 |
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—— | (2S,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-N-prop-2-enyl-N-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C21H24N2O2S |
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—— | methyl 5-[[(2R,3R)-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carbonyl]amino]thiophene-2-carboxylate | —— | C17H17NO4S |
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—— | (2R,3R)-2,3-dimethyl-N-prop-2-enyl-N-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C21H24N2O2S |
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—— | (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-N-prop-2-enyl-N-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C21H24N2O2S |
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—— | (2S,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C17H18N2O2 |
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—— | (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C17H18N2O2 |
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—— | (2S,3R)-2,3-dimethyl-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carboxamide | —— | C14H15N3O2S |
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—— | (3R)-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-amine | —— | C9H11NO |
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—— | (3S)-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-amine | —— | C9H11NO |
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—— | 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-[[(2R)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-6-methyl-4-oxopyridazine-3-carboxamide | —— | C24H24ClN3O4 |
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—— | (2R)-N-[(1R)-1-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C21H25NO2 |
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—— | (2S)-N-[4-(2,5-dimethyl-1-prop-2-enylpyrrol-3-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C21H21N3O2S |
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—— | (2S)-N-[(1R)-1-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C21H25NO2 |
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—— | (2S)-N-[(R)-phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C21H18N2O2 |
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—— | (2R)-N-(2-adamantyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C19H23NO2 |
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—— | (2R)-N-[(S)-phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C21H18N2O2 |
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—— | (2S)-5-chloro-N-cyclopropyl-N-[[4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-ethoxyphenyl]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C22H22ClF2NO4 |
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—— | (2R)-N-(2-adamantyl)-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C19H22ClNO2 |
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—— | (2R)-N-[(1S)-1-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C21H25NO2 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-2-[2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]acetamide | —— | C24H26N2O3S |
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—— | N-[[(2R)-5-ethoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methyl]-2-[2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]acetamide | —— | C24H26N2O3S |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide | —— | C24H25ClN2O3 |
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—— | 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-[[(2S)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide | —— | C21H19ClN2O4 |
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—— | 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-[[(2R)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide | —— | C20H16ClFN2O3 |
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—— | 2-[(2S)-4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-2-yl]ethanol | —— | C22H27FN2O2 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide | —— | C20H17FN2O3 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide | —— | C18H21NO2S |
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—— | methyl (2S)-2-[[(2-phenylmethoxyacetyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C20H21NO5 |
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—— | methyl (2R)-2-[[(2-phenylmethoxyacetyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C20H21NO5 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide | —— | C18H20N2O5 |
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—— | (2R)-N-[[(2S)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxypropanamide | —— | C18H18FNO3 |
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—— | (2S)-N-[[(2S)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxypropanamide | —— | C18H18FNO3 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxyacetamide | —— | C18H19NO4 |
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—— | (2R)-2-ethyl-N-[[(2S)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]hexanamide | —— | C17H24FNO2 |
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—— | methyl (2S)-2-[[(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropanoyl)amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C16H19NO6 |
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—— | N-[[(2S)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl]-2-phenoxyacetamide | —— | C17H16FNO3 |
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—— | methyl (2S)-2-[[[(2R)-2-chloropropanoyl]amino]methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carboxylate | —— | C14H16ClNO4 |
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