香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6-(Difluoromethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 1597076-00-0 | C10H8F2O4 |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(cyclohexylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-16-2 | C23H25Cl2NOS |
| —— | (+/-)-N-{[7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}propan-2-amine | 852123-82-1 | C18H19Cl2NO |
| —— | 8-(2,6-difluoro-4-chlorophenyl)-6-propyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-06-0 | C20H20ClF2NO |
| —— | 2,4,4-trimethyl-chroman-2,8-dicarboxylic acid | 107682-18-8 | C14H16O5 |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-cumaran | 20247-66-9 | C12H16O |
| —— | methyl 6-iodochromane-2-carboxylate | 847948-92-9 | C11H11IO3 |
| —— | 1224600-23-0 | C24H29ClN4O4 | |
| —— | Cyclopropyl-(4H,10H-9-oxa-3a-aza-benzo[f]azulen-10-ylmethyl)-amine; compound with oxalic acid | 63880-37-5 | C2H2O4*C16H18N2O |
| —— | dimethyl 2-((4R)-3,4-dihydro-2-hydroxy-6-nitro-2H-chromen-4-yl)malonate | 1346013-11-3 | C14H15NO8 |
| —— | 8-ethenyl-4,12-dimethyl-10-nitro-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-1(12),5(13),6,8,10-pentaen-4-ol | 873426-01-8 | C16H15NO4 |
| —— | 7b-(4-Acetoxyphenyl)-2a,7b-dihydro-2a-methyl-1,2-dioxeto<3,4-b>benzofuran | 145723-25-7 | C17H14O5 |
| —— | 1,2,4aβ,9b-tetrahydro-8,9bβ-dimethyl-1β,4β-(N-phenylepoxyimino)dibenzofuran-3(4H)-one | 135347-82-9 | C20H19NO3 |
| —— | (+)-N-[(5-chloro-7-thien-3-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]-N-methylamine | 852126-35-3 | C14H14ClNOS |
| —— | (+/-)-1-(5-fluoro-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methanamine | 852125-84-9 | C15H14FNO |
| —— | [(3S)-6-{[3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl)-2,4-dimethylbenzyl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]acetic acid | 1258398-41-2 | C24H27NO4 |
| —— | 5-{3-[2-Chloro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 653578-09-7 | C22H22ClF3O6 |
| —— | 1542225-87-5 | C15H15NO2 | |
| —— | ethyl 3,4-benzo-2,6-dioxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-7-ene-7-carboxylate | 84521-61-9 | C13H12O4 |
| —— | 2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbaldehyde oxime | 1240045-84-4 | C14H19NO2 |
| —— | 3,9-Dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-7-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzo[de]chromen-3-ol | 873426-22-3 | C19H21NO4 |
| —— | 3-benzyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl-methanol | 861398-59-6 | C16H16O2 |
| —— | (2aR,7aS)-2a,7a-Dihydro-7-oxa-cyclobuta[a]indene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 62250-83-3 | C12H10O3 |
| —— | 2,2,5-Trimethyl-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7aH-1,7-dioxa-3-thia-benzo[de]anthracen-4-ol | 133902-09-7 | C17H20O3S |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-5-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]thio]-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-47-4 | C18H13F3N2O3S |
| —— | 1374605-42-1 | C18H18O2 | |
| —— | 4-[[[5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]thio]methyl]benzoic acid | 1005200-27-0 | C18H14N2O4S |
| —— | N-ethoxycarbonyl-2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxy-benzofur-5-ylsulfonamide | 205382-36-1 | C11H13NO6S |
| —— | 8,9b-dimethyl-3-oxo-(4a<i>r</i>,9b<i>c</i>)-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-dibenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid 2-chloro-ethylamide | 61132-89-6 | C17H18ClNO3 |
| —— | 4,7-dimethyl-3-phenylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one | 50341-27-0 | C16H14O2 |
| —— | 526214-90-4 | C94H122O8 | |
| —— | 4-[3-[[5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]thio]propyl]morpholine | 1005200-79-2 | C17H21N3O3S |
| —— | 3-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-2,3,5-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 63514-75-0 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | spiro<benzofuran-2(3H),1'-4'-methylcyclohexane>-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 89908-60-1 | C16H20O3 |
| —— | 6-Methoxy-2,2,9b-trimethyl-2,3,4a,9b-tetrahydro-1H-dibenzofuran-4-one | 66613-58-9 | C16H20O3 |
| —— | 148423-95-4 | C26H27AlCl3N3O3 | |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-5-amino-7-(2-dimethyl-amino-ethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 1089187-29-0 | C14H22N2O2 |
| —— | 2-ethoxy-4-methyl-chroman-7-ol | 118775-77-2 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | 3-Phenyl-2.3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-carbonsaeure-<2-pyrrolidino-ethylester> | 94918-09-9 | C21H23NO3 |
| —— | diethyl 3-(formylmethyl)-5-methylbenzofuran-2,2(3H)-dicarboxylate | 1401439-21-1 | C17H20O6 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-4-[1-Ethylamino-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-8,9b-dimethyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86658-06-2 | C17H19NO2 |
| —— | Acetic acid 6b-(4-bromo-phenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-oxo-6b,7-dihydro-12-oxa-benzo[4,5]pentaleno[2,1-a]naphthalen-11b-yl ester | 36831-44-4 | C27H17BrO5 |
| —— | 4-Methoxy-3-methyl-7-(3-methyl-2-methylene-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-ol | 68659-59-6 | C16H22O3 |
| —— | (5ar,10bc)-5a,10b-dihydrobenzo<b>benzo<4,5>furo<3,2-d>furan | 54914-27-1 | C14H10O2 |
| —— | pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxylic acid 4-[(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)amide] 6-[(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethyl)-amide] | 691002-02-5 | C21H21N5O3 |
| —— | 1,2,3a,8b-cis-tetrahydro-5-(3-carboethoxy-n-propyl)-7-bromo-1,2-syn-epoxycyclopenta[b]benzofuran | 84717-98-6 | C17H19BrO4 |
| —— | (3aR,8bS)-7-iodo-6-methoxy-1,2,3a,8b-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b][1]benzofuran-8-ol | 129172-32-3 | C11H11IO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-1-{[7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}piperidine | 852121-97-2 | C20H20Cl2FNO |
| —— | 2,2'-bis(benzylimino)-5,5'-diethyl-5,5'-dimethyl-2,5,2',5'-tetrahydro[4,4']bifuranyl | 1169473-59-9 | C28H32N2O2 |
| —— | 6-hydroxymethyl-2-(1-methyl-2-phenylsulfanylethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 157942-03-5 | C18H20O2S |