香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2a,7a-Dimethyl-2,2-diphenyl-2a,7a-dihydro-2H-1,7-dioxa-cyclobuta[a]indene | 55038-04-5 | C23H20O2 |
| —— | 8-methanesulfonyloxy-4a-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran | 26225-66-1 | C17H23NO5S |
| —— | (1R,2S,3S,12S,14S,16E,18S,19E,21R,25S)-6-methoxy-5-(methoxymethoxy)-2,7,12,14,16,18,23,23,25-nonamethyl-22,24,26-trioxatetracyclo[19.3.1.18,11.04,9]hexacosa-4(9),5,7,10,16,19-hexaen-3-ol | 1189524-59-1 | C35H52O7 |
| —— | 6-bromo-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-2,2,4,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 1243545-22-3 | C16H22BrCl2NO |
| —— | (S)-3-((3R,4S)-6-iodo-3-vinylchroman-4-ylamino)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone | 1187455-25-9 | C17H21IN2O3 |
| —— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-((E)-3-ethylamino-3-methylsulfanyl-acryloyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 126200-98-4 | C19H23Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 4b,4c-Dihydro-9,10-dioxa-cyclobuta[1,2-a;4,3-a']diindene-9a,9b-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester | 57237-78-2 | C20H16O6 |
| —— | 2-(3-Ethoxy-propylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 17793-81-6 | C14H21NO2 |
| —— | (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)methyl methanesulfonate | 1071448-66-2 | C10H12O4S |
| —— | F-2 hydrochloride | 85258-13-5 | C13H20ClNO2 |
| —— | 7-[4-[3-chloro-5-(3,3-dichloroprop-2-enoxy)phenoxy]butoxy]-2,2-dimethyl-3H-1-benzofuran | 936751-33-6 | C23H25Cl3O4 |
| —— | 6-Chloro-3-methylene-4-phenyl-chroman-2-one | 98061-74-6 | C16H11ClO2 |
| —— | tert-Butyl-dimethyl-(7a-methyl-1,2,7-trioxa-cyclobuta[a]inden-2a-yloxy)-silane | 129512-42-1 | C15H22O4Si |
| —— | 7-isopropyl-4-methyl-3-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 55022-27-0 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | 5-bromo-2,2,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1243543-50-1 | C12H15BrO |
| —— | 2,4,6-trimethyl-7-(1-methylethoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1243544-39-9 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | (7-benzyloxy-2-ethoxy-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-methanol | 1192852-22-4 | C17H18O5 |
| —— | 1308795-49-4 | C12H13NO | |
| —— | 5,6-Dichloro-7-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 103830-57-5 | C16H12Cl2O5S |
| —— | 3-Ethoxy-6,6-difluoro-8-propyl-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene | 942414-16-6 | C18H24F2O2 |
| —— | (3aS,5R,11R,11aR)-8-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-6-methoxy-11-methyl-3,3a,11,11a-tetrahydro-2H,5H-5,11-methanobenzo[b]furo[3,2-f][1,5]dioxocin-2-one | 1360932-67-7 | C32H36O6Si |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-1-p-tolyl-ethanol | 86767-14-8 | C17H18O2 |
| —— | 3,8-dimethyl-5a-phenyl-benzo[<i>b</i>]benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-<i>d</i>]furan-10b-carboxylic acid | 32591-00-7 | C23H18O4 |
| —— | (R)-1-((2S,3S)-3-(benzylamino)-4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanol | 1356485-57-8 | C19H23NO4 |
| —— | 7,8-Dichloro-5-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 103830-53-1 | C16H12Cl2O5S |
| —— | (R)-5-((R)-7-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylchroman-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1360932-97-3 | C32H38O5Si |
| —— | [Cu([D2(H2)2]calix[6]tmpa)](OTf) | 1195853-05-4 | CF3O3S*C90H108CuN4O6 |
| —— | tetra-<i>N</i>-methyl-4,4'-[8-nitro-4-(1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-ylidenemethyl)-chroman-2,2-diyl]-bis-aniline | 58524-75-7 | C37H40N4O3 |
| —— | 5-(allyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)benzofuran | 139201-70-0 | C21H24O3 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-N-<4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenylmethyl>-N,3-dimethyl-7-benzofurancarboxamid | 149530-58-5 | C22H27NO2 |
| —— | 3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2(3H)-one | 1228308-15-3 | C23H20O6 |
| —— | methyl (1S,2S,7R,9S)-14-bromo-5-methyl-4,6,10-trioxatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,7.011,16]hexadeca-11(16),12,14-triene-12-carboxylate | 132168-45-7 | C16H17BrO5 |
| —— | (S)-5-((R)-7-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylchroman-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1360933-04-5 | C32H38O5Si |
| —— | 6-(2.6-Diflurobenzyloxy)-3-oximino-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 161953-16-8 | C15H11F2NO3 |
| —— | 4-[2,3-Dihydro-5H-benzo[b]oxepin-(4Z)-ylidenemethyl]-morpholine | 86896-81-3 | C15H19NO2 |
| —— | 2-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)-2-hydroxyacetic acid | 1594835-92-3 | C10H10O4 |
| —— | 3,3,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-boronic acid | 623175-78-0 | C11H15BO3 |
| —— | 5-methylthio-2-(methylthiomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 81077-75-0 | C11H14OS2 |
| —— | 1440969-28-7 | C15H18O4 | |
| —— | [4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl]methanol | 1093083-46-5 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | (S)-1-((2R,3R)-3-((4-bromobenzyl)amino)-4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanol | 1356485-80-7 | C19H22BrNO4 |
| —— | 3-<2'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-3'-(methylsulphinyl)propyl>-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 93391-84-5 | C14H20O4S |
| —— | (4-(methoxymethoxy)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)-methanol | 1219924-29-4 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | methyl 2-(7-hydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetate | 950505-58-5 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (7-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-acetic acid | 57898-95-0 | C12H13ClO3 |
| —— | 3-(1,2-Dimethyl-heptyl)-6,6-diethyl-9-methyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol | 50832-94-5 | C27H42O2 |
| —— | N-(4-bromophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 1607827-16-6 | C14H12BrNO |
| —— | (S)-methyl 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)acetate | 1427349-35-6 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | (2R,3S)-3-Acetoxy-3-methyl-5-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 112777-49-8 | C14H15NO7 |
| —— | 3-acetoxy-3,4-dihydro-8-(2,3-epoxy)propoxy-7-formyl-2H-1-benzopyran | 106662-61-7 | C15H16O6 |