香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 7-Bromo-4-methoxy-spiro[2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2,1'-cyclopentane] | 185407-77-6 | C13H15BrO2 |
| —— | dimethyl 2-methoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethylspiro[1,3-dioxa-2λ5-phosphacyclopentane-2,2'-3,4-dihydro-1,2λ5-benzoxaphosphinine]-3',4'-dicarboxylate | 104470-59-9 | C19H27O8P |
| —— | 7-bromo-6-(2-isopropyl-allyloxy)-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 51093-60-8 | C16H21BrO3 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-2-((Z)-1-methyl-propenyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 117436-93-8 | C13H16O |
| —— | 11-methyl-N-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-12-oxa-3,6,7-triazatricyclo[7.3.0.02,6]dodeca-1(9),2,4,7-tetraen-8-amine | 1417698-88-4 | C23H26F3N5O2 |
| —— | [(3S)-6-{[(3S)-7-{2,6-dimethyl-4-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]amino}-2 ,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]acetic acid | 1258396-45-0 | C32H36N2O6 |
| —— | (4aS,9bS)-8,9b-Dimethyl-2-piperidin-1-ylmethyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 68788-89-6 | C20H25NO2 |
| —— | 2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid methoxycarbonyl-phenyl-methyl ester | 1007392-09-7 | C24H18O6 |
| —— | (3S)-2,3-Dihydro-7-iodo-3-benzofuranamine | 1228557-31-0 | C8H8INO |
| —— | 5-Fluorosulfonyloxy-3,3-dimethyl-2H-1-benzofuran | 2411226-76-9 | C10H11FO4S |
| —— | 3-Cyan-2-methoxy-chroman | 68640-44-8 | C11H11NO2 |
| —— | 5-iodo-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl acetate | 791064-01-2 | C12H13IO3 |
| —— | 1075234-65-9 | C12H13FN2O | |
| —— | 1382135-21-8 | C22H27N3O4 | |
| —— | ethylenedioxy-4 fluoro-6 N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-9bβ hexahydrodibenzofuranne | 117570-17-9 | C18H24FNO3 |
| —— | 2-(1-Nitro-cyclohexylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 83577-43-9 | C15H19NO3 |
| —— | 59262-28-1 | C17H18O4 | |
| —— | methyl (6-amino-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetate | 1030847-33-6 | C11H13NO3 |
| —— | (1'R,2R,5'R)-5,7-dimethoxy-2',2'-dimethylspiro[3,4-dihydrochromene-2,3'-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane] | 114925-67-6 | C19H26O3 |
| —— | (S)-2-(4-(7-fluoro-5-(1-(propylsulfonyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine | 1346529-07-4 | C28H37FN4O3S |
| —— | Ta{OC6H2-4-CH3-(CH3)3CC(CH3)2CH2}2(C6H5) | 110433-66-4 | C36H49O2Ta |
| —— | 1610613-31-4 | C25H36O6Si | |
| —— | 2,2-Diethyl-7-methoxy-4-[1-oxo-2-(4-pyridyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran.hydrochloride | 185401-24-5 | C20H23NO3*ClH |
| —— | 5-[(1R,3R)-3-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropyl]-4-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-1H-imidazole | 665004-19-3 | C18H22N2OS |
| —— | 5-methyl-2-(5-bromo-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)pyridine | 820259-05-0 | C17H18BrNO |
| —— | (+/-)-N-[2-(aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-N-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)amine | 852115-28-7 | C16H17ClN2O |
| —— | (R)-2-(4-(7-fluoro-5-(1-(propylsulfonyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-5-propylpyrimidine | 1346529-08-5 | C28H37FN4O3S |
| —— | (7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-acetonitrile | 372516-19-3 | C11H11NO2 |
| —— | (2aR,7aR)-2a,7a-Dihydro-7-oxa-cyclobuta[a]indene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester | 62250-75-3 | C14H12O5 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl N-(2-methoxyphenylsulfamoylcarbamoyl) N-methylcarbamate | 129043-23-8 | C20H23N3O7S |
| —— | (1S,9S,10R,11S,12S)-11-Dimethylamino-4-methoxy-10,12-bis-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethoxy)-1-methyl-8,13-dioxa-tricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,5-triene-5-carboxylic acid diethylamide | 135708-52-0 | C28H46N2O10 |
| —— | 1426661-10-0 | C18H30O7P2 | |
| —— | 7-Fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 1354951-91-9 | C9H7FO3 |
| —— | 3-(3-{[(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-methanesulfonyl-amino]-methyl}-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester | 223491-67-6 | C21H25NO5S |
| —— | Chloro-acetic acid 5-(8,9-dihydro-5,7-dioxa-benzocyclohepten-6-yl)-2-methoxy-phenyl ester | 137116-67-7 | C18H17ClO5 |
| —— | (2R<sup>*</sup>,3S<sup>*</sup>)-(+/-)-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-2-hydroperoxybenzo<b>furan-3-ol | 135831-59-3 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 31542-82-2 | C15H12O3 |
| —— | 3,8-dibromo-(4br,9bc)-4b,9b-dihydrobenzo<b>benzo<4,5>furo<2,3-d>furan | 124483-01-8 | C14H8Br2O2 |
| —— | 1150657-91-2 | C10H13O2 | |
| —— | (6-benzyloxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-methylamine | 507482-03-3 | C16H17NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-(4,5-difluoro-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methylamine | 852125-86-1 | C15H13F2NO |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-3-methyl-5-benzofuranamine | 1610766-76-1 | C9H11NO |
| —— | triisopropyl-[3-(5-nitro-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-prop-1-ynyl]-silane | 1203447-35-1 | C21H31NO3Si |
| —— | 1426661-94-0 | C10H14O7P2 | |
| —— | 1225021-76-0 | C10H12O2 | |
| —— | (4E,4aS,9bR)-4-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-8,9b-dimethyl-2,4a-dihydro-1H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86657-79-6 | C17H21NO2 |
| —— | 2-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine | 586978-73-6 | C11H11N5O |
| —— | 1444767-13-8 | C2H4O2*C12H16BNO5 | |
| —— | (R)-(+)-5-hydroxy-2,4,6,7-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 118100-80-4 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | 3-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-5-hexyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one | 1174336-75-4 | C17H23NO3 |