香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | 5-chloroacetyl-7-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethylbenzo[b]furan | 177365-31-0 | C16H21ClO2 |
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—— | 7-tert-butyl-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-5-yl carboxylic acid | 178322-40-2 | C15H20O3 |
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—— | 5-(N,N-Diethylsulfamoyl)-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-ylcarbonyloxy acetic acid | 103969-19-3 | C15H17Cl2NO7S |
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—— | 6,7-Dichloro-5-diethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 103968-63-4 | C15H19Cl2NO5S |
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—— | 7-Bromo-5-diethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 103969-12-6 | C13H16BrNO5S |
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—— | 7-Bromo-5-diethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 103968-86-1 | C15H20BrNO5S |
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—— | 6-Chloro-5-dimethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 103969-10-4 | C11H12ClNO5S |
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—— | 6-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 113730-56-6 | C11H11ClO3 |
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—— | 6-Chloro-5-dimethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 103968-83-8 | C13H16ClNO5S |
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—— | 6-Chloro-5-diethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 103969-11-5 | C13H16ClNO5S |
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—— | 6-Chloro-5-diethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 103968-84-9 | C15H20ClNO5S |
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—— | 7-Bromo-5-dimethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 103968-85-0 | C13H16BrNO5S |
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—— | 7-Bromo-5-dimethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 104032-50-0 | C11H12BrNO5S |
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—— | 7-Chloro-5-diethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 103968-82-7 | C15H20ClNO5S |
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—— | 7-Chloro-5-diethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 103969-09-1 | C13H16ClNO5S |
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—— | 7-Chloro-5-dimethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 103968-81-6 | C13H16ClNO5S |
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—— | 7-Chloro-5-dimethylsulfamoyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 103969-08-0 | C11H12ClNO5S |
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—— | 4a,9b-dihydro-6-methoxy-9b-{[(N-methylamino)-carbonyl]methyl}dibenzofuran-3-one | 478849-80-8 | C16H17NO4 |
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—— | 2-(methoxymethyl)-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 128023-43-8 | C11H14O2 |
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—— | 7-vinyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1001671-64-2 | C10H10O |
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—— | 4-(2,3-dihydro-7-benzofurylamino)-1-methyl-3-propyl-5-pyrazole-carboxamide | 311817-02-4 | C16H20N4O2 |
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—— | 2-(1-acetoxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-ylacetic acid methyl ester | 74133-37-2 | C15H18O5 |
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—— | methyl {(3S)-6-[{(3S)-7-[(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}acetate | 1258400-32-6 | C26H21F4N3O5 |
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—— | 6-Chlor-2-methyl-coumaran | 58621-48-0 | C9H9ClO |
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—— | 7-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 117156-77-1 | C12H14O2 |
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—— | (+/-)-(E)-2-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-methylbut-1-enyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1159829-71-6 | C20H22O2 |
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—— | cis-5a,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-2,3-dibenzofurandiol | 112473-12-8 | C12H14O3 |
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—— | (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methylamine | 111191-88-9 | C9H11NO |
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—— | 5-<3-(2H,3H-benzofurfuryl)>pentan-2-one | 138695-38-2 | C13H16O2 |
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—— | 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-<3-(2H,3H-benzofurfuryl)>ethanol | 133665-76-6 | C17H18O3 |
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—— | (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methyl ethanoate | 111191-85-6 | C11H12O3 |
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—— | 3-<<3-(2H,3H-benzofurfuryl)>methyl>cyclohexan-1-one | 138695-36-0 | C15H18O2 |
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—— | 1-<3-(2H,3H-benzofurfuryl)>-2-phenyl-2-propanol | 133665-79-9 | C17H18O2 |
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—— | 1-<3-(2H,3H-benzofurfuryl)>-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol | 133665-77-7 | C14H20O2 |
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—— | 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)ethanol | 188610-68-6 | C10H12O2 |
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—— | 2,3-Dihydro-3-methyl-7-benzofurancarbonsaeure | 133609-86-6 | C10H10O3 |
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—— | ethyl 4-<(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran)-3-yl>butyrate | 119488-11-8 | C14H18O3 |
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—— | 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)acetic acid | 76570-83-7 | C10H10O3 |
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—— | (7-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)methanol | 872518-64-4 | C9H9BrO2 |
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—— | (S)-3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1571984-48-9 | C16H22O |
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—— | methanesulfonic acid 7-bromo-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl ester | 872518-51-9 | C10H11BrO4S |
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—— | 2-azidomethyl-7-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan | 883143-58-6 | C9H8BrN3O |
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—— | (2-azidomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-7-yl)boronic acid | 883143-61-1 | C9H10BN3O3 |
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—— | 3-(3-phenylpropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 119488-13-0 | C17H18O |
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—— | O-(2,2-dimethylpropyl) 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-ylmethylsulfanylmethanethioate | 143037-61-0 | C15H20O2S2 |
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—— | 3-(2,3-Dihydrobenzo[B]Furan-5-Yl)-1H-Pyrazole | 4763-32-0 | C11H10N2O |
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—— | methyl 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylate | 82366-93-6 | C12H14O3 |
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—— | 1(4-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-2,5-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl)-4-methoxy-4-methylsemicarbazide | 103012-92-6 | C13H18ClN3O3 |
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—— | 2-(2,3-Dihydro-2,4-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl)hydrazinecarboxylic Acid Methyl Ester | 100278-71-5 | C12H16N2O3 |
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—— | 2-(2,3-dihydro-2,3,4-trimethylbenzofuran-7-yl)hydrazine carboxylic acid methyl ester | 100278-72-6 | C13H18N2O3 |
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