香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylbenzofuran-2(3H)-one | 1609003-86-2 | C16H14O3 |
| —— | Aethyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylat | 95279-84-8 | C17H16O3 |
| —— | 2-deuterio-2-methyl-3H-1-benzofuran | 58401-09-5 | C9H10O |
| —— | 2-Butylaminomethyl-8-butyloxy-5-chlor-benzol | 101739-26-8 | C17H26ClNO3 |
| —— | β-(3-Chlor-4-cyclohexylphenyl)-β-cyclopropylglycidsaeure-ethylester | 24438-36-6 | C20H25ClO3 |
| —— | 1-<(3,4-ethyleneoxy)phenyl>-1-phenylmethanol | 81390-92-3 | C15H14O2 |
| —— | (R)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazole | 1034918-84-7 | C13H14N2O |
| —— | (3RS,3aRS,8aSR)-2,3,3a,8a-Tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-3a,4,6-trimethoxy-2,2-dimethylfuro<2,3-b>benzofuran | 97314-31-3 | C15H20O6 |
| —— | (Z)-1-methoxy-3-(2-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran | 1246365-03-6 | C17H16O3 |
| —— | 2-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate | 1258851-21-6 | C11H11F3O4S |
| —— | cis-dimethyl 1,1a,2,7b-tetrahydro-5,6-dimethoxybenzo<b>cyclopropa<d>pyran-1,1-dicarboxylate | 100839-17-6 | C16H18O7 |
| —— | 5-Chloro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid phenylamide | 35334-04-4 | C15H10ClNO3 |
| —— | (2S)-2-[(2,6-difluorophenoxy)(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]morpholine | 868687-51-8 | C19H19F2NO3 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-isopropylamino-ethanol | 4610-27-9 | C13H19NO2 |
| —— | tert-butyl benzyl(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)carbamate | 1410747-77-1 | C20H23NO3 |
| —— | N-{2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-7-yl}-6-aminohexanoic acid ethyl ester | 734502-77-3 | C20H29NO3 |
| —— | 1613234-06-2 | C17H20O6 | |
| —— | 3-Amino-7-methyl-cumaran | 669-03-4 | C9H11NO |
| —— | 6,8,8-Trimethyl-8,9-dihydro-5,7-dioxa-benzocyclohepten-2-ol | 35205-26-6 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | N-(2-methyl-4-nitro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-acetamide | 40736-12-7 | C11H12N2O4 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl N-(ethylsulfamoylcarbamoyl) N-methylcarbamate | 129072-79-3 | C15H21N3O6S |
| —— | 2-Butylaminomethyl-5-chlor-8-methoxy-benzodioxan | 100794-67-0 | C14H20ClNO3 |
| —— | 3-(4-nitroso-piperazin-1-yl)-3-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 51656-59-8 | C18H17N3O3 |
| —— | methyl [(3S)-6-{[3-(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-2-fluorobenzyl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]acetate | 1258397-34-0 | C24H24FNO3S |
| —— | 1284257-27-7 | C22H25ClO2 | |
| —— | 4-[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)butanamide | 1289621-70-0 | C20H23NO5S |
| —— | (+/-)-debromoaplysinol | 126252-17-3 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | N-{4-[(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-7-ylmethyl)-amino]cyclohexyl}-4-[4-(4-fluorophenylamino)pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide trifluoroacetic acid | 919835-56-6 | C2HF3O2*C32H35FN6O3S |
| —— | 1-Allyl-3-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-thiourea | 6739-75-9 | C13H16N2OS |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl N-(cyclohexylsulfamoylcarbamoyl) N-methylcarbamate | 129043-31-8 | C19H27N3O6S |
| —— | (S)-N-(6-benzyloxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)hydroxylamine (S)-mandelate | 162750-09-6 | C8H8O3*C15H15NO3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-7-benzofurancarbonsaeuremethylester | 133844-96-9 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 4-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)piperidine | 1346529-65-4 | C13H15BrFNO |
| —— | (5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-guanidine | 3447-62-9 | C9H10ClN3O |
| —— | 3-prop-2-enyl-2H-1-benzofuran-3,6-diol | 1190957-94-8 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-2-isopropylamino-ethanol | 4417-56-5 | C13H19NO2 |
| —— | 1078728-21-8 | C20H19BrN2O3 | |
| —— | 1-Methyl-4-methoxy-10-oxo-10a-<2-dimethyl-aminoethyl>-5a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-6H-benzo<b>cyclohepta<d>furan | 16614-76-9 | C19H27NO3 |
| —— | (S)-5-((4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)methyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1447730-81-5 | C18H22O |
| —— | N-(2,2,4,6-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-8-(N-isopropyl)aminooctaneamide | 144983-43-7 | C25H42N2O2 |
| —— | 1-((2R,3R,4R)-2-butyl-4-(nitromethyl)chroman-3-yl)ethanone | 1627214-25-8 | C16H21NO4 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl N-(2-ethylthioethoxycarbonyl)-N-methyl-carbamate | 77248-89-6 | C17H23NO5S |
| —— | 3-Phenyl-3-(1',3'-dimethyl-piperidyl)-benzo<b>furan-on-(2) | 102449-35-4 | C21H23NO2 |
| —— | 1-methyl-1,3,4,4a,5,10a-hexahydro-2<i>H</i>-chromeno[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyridine-4a-carboxylic acid amide | 40247-95-8 | C14H18N2O2 |
| —— | (1R)-(N)-[(1RS,3S)-3-[2-hydroxypyridin-5-yl]cyclopentyl]-1-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethanamine | 1257104-58-7 | C20H24N2O2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl N-(butylsulfamoylcarbamoyl) N-methylcarbamate | 129043-19-2 | C17H25N3O6S |
| —— | N-(2,3-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-4-benzofuranyl)diacetamide | 68787-84-8 | C14H17NO4 |
| —— | 1016896-70-0 | C21H29NO7 | |
| —— | methyl 5-((3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate | 1191913-91-3 | C16H16O3S |
| —— | (+)-2H-<1,2>Oxazocinousnic-Saeure | 62495-89-0 | C18H15NO6 |