香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-[4-[(6-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-8-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl]propan-2-ol;hydrochloride | 1387001-72-0 | C21H23NO5S*ClH |
| —— | 4-ethyl-7-methyl-4-phenylchroman-2-one | 1613191-09-5 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | 8-(2,6-difluoro-4-chlorophenyl)-6-(benzyloxy)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-62-8 | C24H20ClF2NO2 |
| —— | 6-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]spiro[2,4-dihydrochromene-3,4'-5H-1,3-oxazole]-2'-amine | 1221161-63-2 | C18H15F3N2O2 |
| —— | 7-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridine hydrochloride | 1357602-90-4 | C17H16ClNO3S*ClH |
| —— | (E)-2-(7-(3-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylamido)-2,3-dihydro-5-oxobenzo[e][1,4]oxazepin-1(5H)-yl)ethyl acetate | 1116689-30-5 | C20H20N2O5S |
| —— | 726185-19-9 | C18H22O7 | |
| —— | Ethyl 8,9b-dimethyl-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-Δ<sup>3(4H)</sup>dibenzofuranacetate | 79525-34-1 | C18H20O3 |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-acetamide | 1048960-18-4 | C24H34N4O2 |
| —— | 5-(chloromethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 57899-16-8 | C11H13ClO |
| —— | 99707-74-1 | C29H26O5 | |
| —— | (R)-methyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-((S)-((S)-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)(p-tolyl)methyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate | 1417999-34-8 | C33H26BrNO5 |
| —— | tert-butyl (2-((2,2-dimethylhydrazineylidene)methyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)carbamate | 1343489-54-2 | C17H25N3O3 |
| —— | (4aS,10R,10aR)-10-(nitromethyl)-1,3,4,4a,10,10a-hexahydropyrano[4,3-b]chromene | 1393376-90-3 | C13H15NO4 |
| —— | 6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 1452478-27-1 | C17H14Cl2O4 |
| —— | (2S,3S)-3-tert-butyl-2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d][1,3]oxaphosphole bisoxide | 1215081-26-7 | C24H38O4P2 |
| —— | 7-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-N-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxamide | 1355369-66-2 | C19H19NO3 |
| —— | 3-(4-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-propionic acid methyl ester | 145039-58-3 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | (S)-2-Amino-1-(7-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzfuran-5-yl)-2-aminoethanol Hydrochloride | 468740-93-4 | C10H12BrNO2*ClH |
| —— | 726185-30-4 | C22H30O7 | |
| —— | 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-((2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yloxy)methyl)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol | 1191247-24-1 | C20H17Br2N3O3 |
| —— | (6-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl azide | 1072073-17-6 | C15H13N3O |
| —— | 3-Acetyl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin-4-cyanoacetic acid hydrazide | 107313-51-9 | C14H13N3O4 |
| —— | 2,2'-bis-piperidinomethyl-2,3,2',3'-tetrahydro-[5,5']bibenzofuranyl | 122238-55-5 | C28H36N2O2 |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-acetamide | 1048959-27-8 | C23H32N4O2 |
| —— | 955938-68-8 | C19H24F3NO5 | |
| —— | (±)-6-(6-bromohexanoyl)-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 1448960-05-1 | C22H31BrO4 |
| —— | 936214-84-5 | C22H30N2O | |
| —— | 3-acetylnaphtho<1,2-b>furan-2(3H)-one | 112328-02-6 | C14H10O3 |
| —— | (5-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl-trimethylsilane | 1034139-54-2 | C12H17ClOSi |
| —— | 4-Allyloxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 6737-91-3 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-4,7-dimethoxy-6-(2-piperidinoethoxy)-5-benzofuranamine | 75884-18-3 | C17H26N2O4 |
| —— | α,β-Dianilino-2,2'-hexamethylendioxy-diphenylethan | 119481-86-6 | C32H34N2O2 |
| —— | 1085985-41-6 | C29H36MoN2O2 | |
| —— | N-methyl carbamate de benzylidene-2 chromanol | 77763-42-9 | C18H17NO3 |
| —— | 1239588-37-4 | C23H26O2 | |
| —— | 84768-07-0 | C18H24O3S2 | |
| —— | 3-<2-Brom-aethyl>-3-phenyl-2-benzofuranon | 94206-64-1 | C16H13BrO2 |
| —— | 4,7-dimethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)chroman-2-one | 1613191-07-3 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | 5-Methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-ol | 219493-30-8 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-5-methyl-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide | 1048959-61-0 | C27H32N2O2S |
| —— | (R)-methyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-((S)-((S)-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate | 1417999-20-2 | C32H24BrNO5 |
| —— | methyl 4-[(1R,2R,3aS,8bS)-2-acetyloxy-1-[(E,4S)-4-methyl-3-oxooct-1-en-6-ynyl]-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1]benzofuran-5-yl]butanoate | 88315-08-6 | C27H32O6 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-4-[1-(2-Hydroxy-propylamino)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-8,9b-dimethyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86658-10-8 | C18H21NO3 |
| —— | 3-isopropoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1569356-42-8 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | 3-Ethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile | 1428773-54-9 | C11H11NO |
| —— | 3-iodo-2,2,6-trimethyl-chroman | 73047-36-6 | C12H15IO |
| —— | 2-Methyl-7-propyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 74663-62-0 | C12H16O |
| —— | 3-Phenyl-3-cyan-5,6-benzo-3,4-dihydro-cumarin | 109399-81-7 | C20H13NO2 |
| —— | 2-(3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-acetamide | 1048960-07-1 | C21H30N6O2 |