香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (rac)-ethyl[(3-{[4-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl]amino}benzyl)(methyl)oxido-λ<sup>6</sup>-sulfanylidene]carbamate | 1427315-27-2 | C23H23FN4O4S |
| —— | 7a-Methyl-2,2-diphenyl-2a,7a-dihydro-2H-1,7-dioxa-cyclobuta[a]indene | 55038-02-3 | C22H18O2 |
| —— | 6-<<<2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl>imino>methyl>-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 99385-90-7 | C16H15NO3 |
| —— | 1393810-77-9 | C14H18N2O | |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carbonitrile | 664364-65-2 | C11H11NO2 |
| —— | 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820259-79-8 | C19H23NO |
| —— | ethyl 6-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)dibenzo[d,f][1,3]dioxepine-6-carboxylate | 1177433-41-8 | C20H20O6 |
| —— | 3-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1565823-38-2 | C10H10F2O |
| —— | 4-acetoxy-2-isopropenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid | 14262-27-2 | C14H14O5 |
| —— | NU6Fvt2LW9 | 1337821-68-7 | C11H15NO |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-5-benzofuransulfonamide | 1182736-57-7 | C14H21NO4S |
| —— | 5-Chloro-2-bromomethyl-2.3-dihydrobenzofuran | 19997-50-3 | C9H8BrClO |
| —— | 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine hydrochloride | 820257-79-2 | C23H31NO*ClH |
| —— | 2,6-diacetoxy-4,4,5,7,8-pentamethyl-chroman | 50442-79-0 | C18H24O5 |
| —— | N-[(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3-pyrimidin-5-ylpropanamide | 342601-47-2 | C16H17N3O3 |
| —— | 82823-98-1 | C34H45O2Ta | |
| —— | (R)-methyl 3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-((S)-((S)-5-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate | 1417999-24-6 | C33H26BrNO5 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-7-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-77-1 | C17H16F3NO |
| —— | (S)-4-[3-((R)-7-Bromo-3-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-4-methoxy-benzyl]-2,2-dimethyl-oxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid benzyl ester | 760980-21-0 | C30H32BrNO6 |
| —— | (+)-2-desacetylusnic acid enol acetate | 89352-65-8 | C18H16O7 |
| —— | dimethyl 3-(4-methylphenyl)naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,2(3H)-bis(carbimidate) | 1613306-66-3 | C23H22N2O3 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-8,9b-Dimethyl-4-[1-pyrrolidin-1-yl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86657-84-3 | C19H21NO2 |
| —— | (1aS,6aS)-1a,6a-Dihydro-1H-6-oxa-cyclopropa[a]indene-3,5-diol | 138224-05-2 | C9H8O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-49-0 | C16H15ClFNO2 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanol | 86767-15-9 | C16H15FO2 |
| —— | (+)-TFMfly | 733730-70-6 | C14H16F3NO2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-benzofuranol | 139201-27-7 | C18H20O3 |
| —— | (S)-tert-butyl 2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ylcarbamate | 1269598-95-9 | C16H23NO4 |
| —— | 5-(allyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-<2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl>benzofuran | 139201-71-1 | C22H26O3 |
| —— | S-(2-((3S)-6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)ethyl)ethanethioate | 1452479-58-1 | C19H18Cl2O3S |
| —— | 1034921-72-6 | C14H14N2O2 | |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-7-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852122-75-9 | C17H16F3NO2 |
| —— | 4-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran | 955938-82-6 | C10H9BrO2 |
| —— | 9-Methyl-11-methylene-1-phenyl-8,10,12-trioxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]dodeca-2(7),3,5-triene | 60779-10-4 | C17H14O3 |
| —— | 1415357-85-5 | C17H20O2 | |
| —— | 1-benzyl-3a-chloro-1,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro-3H-chromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole | 1358108-25-4 | C17H16ClNO2 |
| —— | 2-Benzyl-6-methoxy-4-((2R,2aS)-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2a,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-furo[2,3,4-ij]isoquinolin-2-yl)-phenol | 113756-79-9 | C26H27NO4 |
| —— | (+)-(3S)-3-(2-Chloroaethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan | 84922-74-7 | C11H13ClO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-50-3 | C18H21NO2 |
| —— | 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-diphenylessigsaeure-lacton | 75846-40-1 | C15H12O3 |
| —— | (3R)-3-hydroxymethyl-7-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 502435-08-7 | C9H9FO2 |
| —— | 3a-benzyl-8a-methyl-3,3a,8,8a-tetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-furo[2,3-<i>b</i>]indole | 47023-72-3 | C18H19NO |
| —— | 4,18-bis-hydroxymethyl-6,7,9,10,12,13,15,16-octahydro-5,11,17-trioxa-8,14-diaza-dibenzo[a,c]cycloheptadecene-8,14-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 73429-31-9 | C28H38N2O9 |
| —— | (-)-(3R)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-ylmethyl)-N-(9-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-ylmethyl)-N-isobutylpiperidine-3-carboxamide | 1233926-23-2 | C29H37ClN2O4 |
| —— | 1440969-30-1 | C15H18O3 | |
| —— | N-benzyl-3-(4-isopropyl-2-methoxyphenyl)-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-amine | 820259-39-0 | C28H33NO2 |
| —— | (+)-(3S)-7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo<b>furan-3-carbonsaeure | 84922-72-5 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 3-allyl-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-ol | 858792-53-7 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | dl-3-[5-Acetoxy-2,2-dimethyl-7-(5-phenyl-2-pentyloxy)3,4-dihydro-2H-benzopyran-3-yl]propionic acid | 88464-20-4 | C27H34O6 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid [4-(4-propoxy-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-amide | 15850-58-5 | C21H20N2O3S |