香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (+/-)-[7-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanol | 852118-15-1 | C15H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-5-benzofuranyl allyl ether | 119795-46-9 | C11H12O2 |
| —— | methyl 9-(2',2',5',7',8'-pentamethyl-6'-chromanyl)-3,7-dimethyl-4,7-dihydroxy-(2Z,8E)-nona-2,8-dien-5-ynoate | 119947-58-9 | C26H34O5 |
| —— | N-Propyl-2,3-dihydro-3-phenyl-benzofuran-3-carboxamid | 94164-41-7 | C18H19NO2 |
| —— | 4-[3-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]pyridine | 216577-30-9 | C17H15N3O |
| —— | 6-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 1516427-09-0 | C10H10O4 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-5-propanoyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 122842-12-0 | C12H10Cl2O4 |
| —— | 2a-Methyl-2a,7a-dihydro-7-oxa-cyclobuta[a]indene | 101621-58-3 | C11H10O |
| —— | 2-[4-[5-(1-ethylsulfonyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-4-yl)-2-methyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-5-propylpyrimidine | 1346529-33-6 | C28H38N4O3S |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-fluoro-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-37-9 | C16H15F2NO |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-[(1-ethylpropyl)thio]-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-24-2 | C22H24Cl3NOS |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 852118-17-3 | C15H11Cl2N3O |
| —— | 119298-15-6 | C25H19NO3S | |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-41-6 | C16H15N3O2 |
| —— | spiro<(2-(1-oxoethyl)benzofuran)-3(2H),4'(1'H)-(1'-methylpyridine)> | 81115-38-0 | C15H15NO2 |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-(propylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-21-9 | C20H20Cl3NOS |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(cyclohexyloxy)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-42-4 | C23H25Cl2NO2 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-methyl 4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-((R)-2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate | 1351365-51-9 | C20H21NO7 |
| —— | 5-iodo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-amine | 1289544-19-9 | C8H8INO |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenylpropanamide | 1048960-16-2 | C27H33F3N2O3 |
| —— | 6-(furan-3-yl)spiro[2,4-dihydrochromene-3,4'-5H-1,3-oxazole]-2'-amine | 1221161-68-7 | C15H14N2O3 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-N-(2,4,6-trifluorobenzyl)-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-76-5 | C24H18F3NO7 |
| —— | 5-Iodo-2,2,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 132464-85-8 | C11H13IO |
| —— | cis-2-Carboxy-3,5-dimethylcoremaran-3-acetimide | 96678-02-3 | C13H13NO3 |
| —— | (+/-)-[(5-cyclopentyl-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]amine | 1052060-92-0 | C20H23NO |
| —— | 5,7-dinitro-3-(4-nitro-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 100873-85-6 | C14H9N3O7 |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-(1-ethylpropyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-00-4 | C22H24Cl3NO |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)-acetamide | 1048959-80-3 | C24H33N3O2S |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-fluoro-5-(2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 852117-73-8 | C16H14FN3O |
| —— | N-tert-butyl-3-phenoxy-3-propan-2-yl-2-benzofuran-1-imine | 1309610-52-3 | C21H25NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(aminomethyl)-7-(2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile | 852282-15-6 | C17H16N2O |
| —— | 1-[(3R)-5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-3-phenyl-3-benzofuranyl]-1,2-hydrazinedicarboxylic acid,1,2-bis(phenylmethyl) ester | 1314114-29-8 | C30H23ClN2O6 |
| —— | 8-(2,6-difluoro-4-chlorophenyl)-6-propoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-56-0 | C20H20ClF2NO2 |
| —— | 4-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)-morpholine | 92500-69-1 | C14H19NO2 |
| —— | 82110-11-0 | C18H24O3Si | |
| —— | N-allyl-N-((2S,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-((2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide | 1592908-33-2 | C20H27NO6 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-38-1 | C15H12FN3O |
| —— | (+/-)-1-(5-chloro-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methanamine | 852282-12-3 | C10H12ClNO2 |
| —— | (4S,4aR,9bR)-6-Chloro-9b-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-1,4,4a,9b-tetrahydro-dibenzofuran-4-ol | 108275-21-4 | C16H20ClNO2 |
| —— | 4-Bromo-2.2.5-triethoxy-2.3-dihydro-6.7-dimethylbenzofuran | 67405-61-2 | C16H23BrO4 |
| —— | (R)-3-((S)-6,7-Dichloro-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carbonyl)-4-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-one | 118166-27-1 | C18H13Cl2NO4 |
| —— | N-({1-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-acetamide | 1048959-82-5 | C24H34N4O2 |
| —— | 2,8-Dibrom-4,10-dimethoxy-6,12-epoxy-dibenzo<b,f><1,5>dioxocin | 7776-13-8 | C16H12Br2O5 |
| —— | (+/-)-2-(azidomethyl)-7-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 1072073-22-3 | C15H11Cl2N3O |
| —— | 3-Brom-4,8-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman | 13200-14-1 | C13H17BrO3 |
| —— | α,β-Bis-isopropylamino-2,2'-octamethylendioxy-diphenylethan | 105209-26-5 | C28H42N2O2 |
| —— | (3S)-1-(2-propyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-amine | 1258851-30-7 | C15H22N2O |
| —— | (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methanesulphonic acid | 111191-91-4 | C9H10O3S |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-fluoro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}amine | 852123-68-3 | C15H13ClFNO |
| —— | (+/-)-[7-(2-methylphenyl)-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanol | 852118-10-6 | C16H15ClO2 |