香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-(9-ethyl-3,4,8,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazin-3-yl)phenol | 1394852-93-7 | C19H21NO3 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-5-methoxybenzofuran-6-<<sup>3</sup>H> | 40428-06-6 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | ethyl 2-azido-3-oxo-3-(7-bromo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-prop-2-enoate | 918304-98-0 | C19H16BrN3O4 |
| —— | 4-Chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-amine hydrochloride | 1384265-47-7 | C8H9Cl2NO |
| —— | 1-((6S,11S,12R)-8,9-dimethoxy-11,12-dihydro-6H-6,12-methanodibenzo[b,f]oxocin-11-yl)hexan-1-one | 1447951-76-9 | C24H28O4 |
| —— | 5-ethanesulfonyloxy-3,3-dimethyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 26322-71-4 | C16H23NO5S |
| —— | ethyl 7-[2,3-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-(propan-2-yl)benzo[b]furan-7-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-oxoheptanoate | 149245-39-6 | C23H34O5 |
| —— | [(2R)-6-iodo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]methanol | 437763-86-5 | C10H11IO2 |
| —— | (5-Iodo-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl-trimethylsilane | 1034139-56-4 | C12H17IOSi |
| —— | 2-methyl-2-(1'-bromo-1'-methylethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan | 196200-95-0 | C12H15BrO |
| —— | allyl (4-bromobenzyl)((2S,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(3-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)propoxy)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)carbamate | 1016896-73-3 | C28H34BrNO7 |
| —— | 5,7-bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-[3,4-bis-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxathiin | 865541-49-7 | C38H68O5SSi4 |
| —— | 2,3-Dihydro-5-methoxybenzofuran-4-<<sup>3</sup>H> | 40492-51-1 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | (2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-sulfonyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester | 3074-29-1 | C11H13NO5S |
| —— | 1,5-epoxy-1-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin oxalate | 117572-82-4 | C2H2O4*C17H14F3NO |
| —— | 7-Methyl-3-trimethyl-ammonio-cumaran Iodid | 669-55-6 | C12H18NO*I |
| —— | (S)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)-1H-imidazole | 1034918-85-8 | C13H14N2O |
| —— | 1-(6-Cumaronylsulfonyl)-3-(piperidino)-harnstoff | 3074-33-7 | C14H19N3O4S |
| —— | 4-Propionyloxy-3-dimethylaminomethyl-4-benzyl-chroman | 95132-49-3 | C22H27NO3 |
| —— | Benzofuran,7-bromo-2,3-dihydro-3-phenyl-3-[[[tris(1-methylethyl)silyl]oxy]methyl]- | 918305-09-6 | C24H33BrO2Si |
| —— | 11-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6H-naphtho[1,2-c]isochromen-6-ol | 1056897-27-8 | C24H18O3 |
| —— | (E)-(4-bromo-1,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-indeno[5,4-b]furan-8-ylidene)acetonitrile | 196597-70-3 | C13H10BrNO |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-3,3,6,7-tetramethyl-2-hydroxybenzofuran-5-yl methanesulphonate | 26322-84-9 | C13H18O5S |
| —— | 4-(7,8-dichloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl)-N-(pyridazin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxamide | 1313035-73-2 | C18H19Cl2N5O2 |
| —— | 2-Formylmethyl-2.3-dihydro-benzofuran | 90843-20-2 | C10H10O2 |
| —— | [(4S)-4-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]-4-prop-2-enylchromen-3-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 1134203-02-3 | C26H28O3 |
| —— | 1a,7a-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-7a-nitrocyclopropa<b><1>benzopyran-7(1H)-one | 76116-76-2 | C12H11NO4 |
| —— | 3-Acetamino-7-methyl-cumaran | 669-56-7 | C11H13NO2 |
| —— | ethyl 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate | 1609100-33-5 | C14H13F3O5 |
| —— | diethyl 2,2'-((1R,4aR,9bS)-6-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-1,9b-diyl)diacetate | 1440947-63-6 | C21H24O7 |
| —— | Acetic acid 1-((R)-5-formyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl)-1-methyl-ethyl ester | 77291-81-7 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | 7-Methyl-3-triethylammonio-cumaran Iodid | 97784-87-7 | C15H24NO*I |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl N-(propylsulfamoylcarbamoyl) N-methylcarbamate | 129043-16-9 | C16H23N3O6S |
| —— | methyl ((3S)-5-chloro-6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetate | 1452477-40-5 | C18H15Cl3O4 |
| —— | Acetic acid 7,9a-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,3a,9,9a-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]chromen-9-yl ester | 13021-11-9 | C16H18O4 |
| —— | 2-Guanidinomethyl-4-methyl-1,3-benzodioxol | 949-15-5 | C10H13N3O2 |
| —— | ((R)-2-2,3-Dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester | 66598-85-4 | C12H15O5P |
| —— | Acetic acid (R)-1-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-yl-1-methyl-ethyl ester | 77341-34-5 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 2,2,4,6-tetramethyl-5-(nitromethylthio)coumaran | 131880-78-9 | C13H17NO3S |
| —— | (+/-)-4-Oxo-6-methoxy-9-chloro-9bβ-<2-(N-formamido)ethyl>-1,2,3,4,4aβ,9b-hexahydrodibenzofuran | 88304-31-8 | C16H18ClNO4 |
| —— | <(bis-methoxymethylenoxy-2',3' phenyl)-1 epoxy-2,3β cyclohexyl-1>-2 N,N-dimethylacetamide | 117570-01-1 | C20H29NO6 |
| —— | 66598-84-3 | C12H15O5P | |
| —— | ethyl 7-[2,3-dihydro-2,2,4,6-tetramethyl-5-nitrobenzo[b]furan-7-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate | 149245-13-6 | C21H31NO7 |
| —— | (6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetic acid | 1452478-12-4 | C17H14Cl2O4 |
| —— | [(3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl)oxy][tris(1-methylethyl)]silane | 1380698-77-0 | C19H32O2Si |
| —— | 2-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid [1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethyl]-amide | 701913-65-7 | C20H20FNO2 |
| —— | 4-methyl-2-((3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methyl)thiazole | 1191913-86-6 | C14H15NOS |
| —— | 5,8-Dimethyl-1,4-benzodioxan-2-carbonsaeure-dimethylamid | 1084-69-1 | C13H17NO3 |
| —— | diethyl 2,2'-((1S,4aR,9bS)-6-methoxy-4-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-1,9b-diyl)diacetate | 1440947-61-4 | C21H26O7 |
| —— | 7-cyano-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 134401-94-8 | C9H7NO |