香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2,4-bis-dichloromethyl-4H-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6-carbonyl chloride | 860560-52-7 | C11H7Cl5O3 |
| —— | 9b-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydrodibenzo-[b,d]furan | 1147714-44-0 | C25H24O2 |
| —— | 2-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-amine | 1258851-15-8 | C10H13NO |
| —— | 5-propyl-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1265905-64-3 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | 2-acetyl-5-t-butyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 104518-92-5 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | 6,7-dichloro-5-[(E)-2-methyl-3-(methylamino)-3-methylsulfanylprop-2-enoyl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 126200-44-0 | C15H15Cl2NO4S |
| —— | 5,7-dichloro-2-iodomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 6075-24-7 | C9H7Cl2IO |
| —— | (R)-6,7-dichloro-2-(phenylthiomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 118206-06-7 | C15H12Cl2OS |
| —— | α,β-Bis-isopropylamino-2,2'-heptamethylendioxy-diphenylethan | 104533-77-9 | C27H40N2O2 |
| —— | 1-{[3-(6-methyoxy-4H-chromen-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}piperidine | 1514898-80-6 | C18H21N3O3 |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-chroman-2-carboxylic acid | 105338-57-6 | C12H14O6 |
| —— | (1S,5S,6R,7S,8S,11R,12R,16R)-8-hydroxy-3,3,11,14,14,18,21,21-octamethylspiro[2,4,13,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[15.3.1.01,5.06,11.012,16]henicos-17-ene-7,2'-oxirane]-19-one | 288373-45-5 | C26H38O7 |
| —— | [(2-ethyl-6,7-difluoro-2-methyl-3H-chromen-4-ylidene)amino]urea | 1246537-66-5 | C13H15F2N3O2 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-(4-fluoro-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-74-3 | C26H24FNO7 |
| —— | 2-((3S)-6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanone | 1452478-24-8 | C21H21Cl2NO3 |
| —— | 7-({4-[(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]-2-pyrimidinyl}amino)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | 1335142-67-0 | C17H19N7O3S |
| —— | 1,1'-(5-chloro-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2,2-diyl)diethanone | 1323141-96-3 | C12H11ClO4 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-6-(2-thienylmethyl)-5-benzofuranol | 145275-55-4 | C21H20O2S |
| —— | 2-butyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-ol | 1064781-10-7 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 3,4-Dihydro-7-(methylthio)-2H-1-benzopyran-4-ol | 18385-80-3 | C10H12O2S |
| —— | 1228299-40-8 | C27H28O2 | |
| —— | Trimethyl-[(5-trimethylsilyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]silane | 1034139-60-0 | C15H26OSi2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-3-phenyl-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid, benzyl ester | 110745-16-9 | C22H16O4 |
| —— | 4-(5,7-dichloro-2H-benzopyran-2-yl)-2-hydroxybutyric acid | 99667-42-2 | C13H12Cl2O4 |
| —— | 2-((5aS,6S,9aS)-4,6-Dihydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-dibenzofuran-9a-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-acetamide | 108275-34-9 | C16H21NO4 |
| —— | 1,4-Diphenyl-1,4-endo<dimethyl>-methylen-tetralin-2,3-dicarbonsaeure-anhydrid | 78020-05-0 | C27H22O3 |
| —— | (-)-(R)-5,7-dimethoxyethoxymethyloxy-2-acetoxymethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 312608-67-6 | C19H28O9 |
| —— | tert-butyl 6,7-dichloro-5-propanoyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-carboxylate | 105978-17-4 | C16H18Cl2O4 |
| —— | bis(2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)methyl isobutyl carbonate | 1253517-50-8 | C22H24O5 |
| —— | (1S,2S)-2-nitro-1-phenyl-1,2-dihydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan | 1424936-84-4 | C18H13NO3 |
| —— | 1-(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-3-[4-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxan-4-yl]urea | 2224010-00-6 | C21H23FN2O3 |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-N-phenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridin-6-amine | 488124-72-7 | C23H19Cl3N2O |
| —— | 2-[(1'S,2'S,10'R,12'R,13'S)-13'-hydroxy-7'-methoxyspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,11'-9-oxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.03,8]pentadeca-3(8),4,6-triene]-2'-yl]ethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate | 358753-73-8 | C24H32O7 |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-(isopropylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-22-0 | C20H20Cl3NOS |
| —— | 2-Hydroxymethyl-7-allyl-cumarin | 91495-65-7 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 4-Ethyl-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran | 53287-57-3 | C15H20O |
| —— | 1639236-80-8 | C15H20O4 | |
| —— | 1412272-47-9 | C16H18N2O | |
| —— | methyl 5-(3-{[(t-butoxycarbonyl)-amino]methyl}-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-7-carboxylate | 478374-69-5 | C23H27NO6 |
| —— | 5-methyl-4-(1-(m-tolyl)vinyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1582778-65-1 | C18H18O |
| —— | 5-Methoxymethoxy-6-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 128813-68-3 | C19H22O5 |
| —— | (5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-ylmethyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester | 101604-76-6 | C17H22O5 |
| —— | 3-Phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzo<b>furan-3-carbonsaeure-methylester | 93011-71-3 | C16H14O3 |
| —— | (7-Chloro-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-acetonitrile | 57899-18-0 | C12H12ClNO |
| —— | (+/-)-{[6-fluoro-7-(2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852123-94-5 | C17H18FNO |
| —— | (+/-)-[(5,7-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]amine | 852122-99-7 | C21H19NO |
| —— | (R)-phenyl 2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylate | 1531624-29-9 | C21H14O4 |
| —— | (1S)-1-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride | 2137420-26-7 | C11H16ClNO |
| —— | 2-<β,β'-Dichlor-α-hydroxy-isopropyl>-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 1015-41-4 | C11H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | (4aS,9bR)-4-[1-(2,6-Dimethyl-morpholin-4-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-8,9b-dimethyl-4a,9b-dihydro-4H-dibenzofuran-3-one | 86657-88-7 | C21H25NO3 |