香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | cis-2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylaminomethyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-4-phenyl-chroman | 96869-52-2 | C27H31NO4 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-2-acetoxyspiro<benzofuran-3(2H),1'-cyclohexane> | 86728-21-4 | C16H20O3 |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-ethyl-N-propyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-6-amine | 488124-83-0 | C22H26Cl2N2O |
| —— | 1415357-79-7 | C18H16O3 | |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-3-<1-hydroxy-3-piperidino-propyl>-cumaran | 3039-30-3 | C18H27NO2 |
| —— | 3-(1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid diethylamide | 93280-66-1 | C15H21NO3 |
| —— | (E)-2-(4-methylbenzylidene)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-ol | 1147869-69-9 | C16H14O2 |
| —— | methyl 4-[(1R,2R,3aS,8bS)-2-hydroxy-1-[(E,3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-ynyl]-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1]benzofuran-5-yl]butanoate | 223556-68-1 | C25H32O5 |
| —— | ((2-((3S)-6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)ethyl)sulfanyl)acetic acid | 1452477-26-7 | C19H18Cl2O4S |
| —— | 6-Bromo-8-methoxy-2-[1,3]oxazinan-3-yl-2H-chromene-3-carbonitrile | 108762-59-0 | C15H15BrN2O3 |
| —— | <pyridinylydene-2'>-2 chromanol | 77763-79-2 | C15H13NO2 |
| —— | 3-(difluoromethyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1565823-39-3 | C10H10F2O2 |
| —— | 4-[3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-propynyl]-4-hydroxy-7-methoxymethoxy-3-(4-methoxymethoxyphenyl)-3-methylchroman | 252947-06-1 | C29H40O7Si |
| —— | 6-butenyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5-benzofuranol | 145275-48-5 | C20H22O2 |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-(2,3-dimethylbenzyl)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxo-9,9a-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-4-carboxamide | 925439-59-4 | C26H25NO7 |
| —— | 4,4'-(2-hydroxy-1,3-cyclohexanediyl)bis<3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-1,3-benzoxazin-2-one> | 75208-72-9 | C24H26N2O5 |
| —— | (E)-ethyl 4-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)but-2-enoate | 113002-44-1 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-isopropoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-39-9 | C20H21Cl2NO2 |
| —— | 2-[(2R)-6-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]propan-2-yl acetate | 239445-78-4 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | 90246-88-1 | C18H15ClFNO5 | |
| —— | 2-Ethoxy-3-methylen-6-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 65817-14-3 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 1a-methyl-7-{[(methyloxy)methyl]oxy}-1,1a,2,7b-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]chromene | 1380698-16-7 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl(4-methoxyphenyl)amine | 126898-18-8 | C15H15NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852125-19-0 | C19H14F9NO |
| —— | 7,11,15,28-Tetrakis(butoxymethyl)-1,21,23,25-tetraphenyl-2,20:3,19-dimetheno-1H,21H,23H,25H-bis<1,3>dioxocino<5,4-i:5',4'-i'>benzo<1,2-d:5,4-d'>bis<1,3>benzodioxocin | 120476-44-0 | C76H80O12 |
| —— | (S)-2,2-diethyl-8-(trifluoromethoxy)chroman-4-ol | 1221443-63-5 | C14H17F3O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[5-fluoro-7-(2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852124-40-4 | C17H18FNO |
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-carbaldehyde | 1440961-37-4 | C11H12O2 |
| —— | N-Cyclobutyl-2,3-dihydro-3-phenyl-benzofuran-3-carboxamid | 97355-55-0 | C19H19NO2 |
| —— | 3-Brom-8-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-4-ol | 13217-81-7 | C12H15BrO3 |
| —— | (2S,3S)-3-Carboxymethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 93139-71-0 | C13H14O5 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-3-phenyl-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid, allyl ester | 110745-18-1 | C18H14O4 |
| —— | [2-(4-Methoxy-1-methyl-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5aH-dibenzofuran-9a-yl)-ethyl]-methyl-cyanamide | 99249-86-2 | C18H20N2O3 |
| —— | 3-Benzyliden-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 64109-40-6 | C15H12O |
| —— | N-(2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1-benzoxepin-2-yl-methyl)-dimethylamin | 17349-71-2 | C13H19NO |
| —— | {2-[4-(3-Hydroxymethyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 918305-00-7 | C30H32N2O4 |
| —— | (4aS,7aS,12bR)-3-Benzyl-7,7,9-trimethoxy-2,3,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H,4aH-8-oxa-3-aza-benzo[d]fluoren-4-one | 93758-28-2 | C25H29NO5 |
| —— | 1-[6-(2,4-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]ethanone | 1262438-42-5 | C18H19NO2 |
| —— | 2-Dihydroxymethyl-2.3-dihydro-benzofuran | 90536-17-7 | C9H10O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-{[7-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methyl}methylamine | 852125-08-7 | C22H19F2NO |
| —— | N,N-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-7-methyl-benzofuran-2-carboxamid | 17349-66-5 | C12H15NO2 |
| —— | (1aS,7bR)-2,2,7b-Trimethyl-1a,7b-dihydro-2H-1,3-dioxa-cyclopropa[a]naphthalene | 137838-04-1 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 3,3'-Oxido-3-diphenylmethyl-cumaranon-(2) | 5694-01-9 | C21H14O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-(5-methyl-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-indeno[4,5-b]furan-2-yl)methyl azide | 1228176-83-7 | C13H15N3O |
| —— | (S)-2-(6-Methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)acetic acid | 1609194-88-8 | C11H12O4 |
| —— | 5-Iodo-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-carbaldehyde | 281678-74-8 | C9H7IO2 |
| —— | {(3S)-6-[(1R)-4-(3-cyano-pyridin-2-yl)-indan-1-yloxy]-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl}-acetic acid methyl ester | 1380389-06-9 | C26H22N2O4 |
| —— | 2-(6-((2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid | 1452478-36-2 | C18H16Cl2O5 |
| —— | 943899-16-9 | C16H16F3NO4 | |
| —— | N2-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yl)-N6-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazine-2,6-diamine | 1214249-49-6 | C22H23N5O2 |