香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Ethyl 1-(5-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-7-benzo[b]-furanyl)-1-hydroxymethanecarboximidate Hydrochloride | 82060-95-5 | C12H14ClNO3*ClH |
| —— | 8-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-6-(isobutylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488124-62-5 | C21H23Cl2NOS |
| —— | 2-(5-ammo-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)-N-({1-[(3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)-acetamide trifluoroacetate | 1048960-40-2 | C2HF3O2*C20H29N7O3 |
| —— | (2'S,4'R)-(+)-N-<(4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl>-5-iodo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide | 149108-99-6 | C22H35IN2O3Si |
| —— | 7-tert-butyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 1126854-71-4 | C15H22O |
| —— | (4S,4aR,9bS)-6,9b-Dimethyl-3,3-bis-phenylsulfanyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran-4-ol | 68758-49-6 | C26H26O2S2 |
| —— | N-(trifluoroacetyl)-4-amino-8-iodo-7-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-benzoxepin | 173989-91-8 | C13H13F3INO3 |
| —— | ethyl (3α,4aα,9bα)-(+/-)-(6-chloro-9-hydroxy-8-propyl-3,4,4a,9b-tetrahydrodibenzofuran-3-yl)acetate | 135145-46-9 | C19H23ClO4 |
| —— | 5,7-dichloro-6-methoxy-2,4-bis-trichloromethyl-4<i>H</i>-benzo[1,3]dioxin | 116806-58-7 | C11H6Cl8O3 |
| —— | 4,7-di-t-butyl-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 216313-48-3 | C18H28O2 |
| —— | 2.3-Dihydro-2-piperidino-3-phenyl-5-hydroxy-benzofuran | 7182-15-2 | C19H21NO2 |
| —— | (2R,3R)-6-Chloro-2-furan-2-yl-4,4-dimethoxy-7-methyl-chroman-3-ol | 139936-46-2 | C16H17ClO5 |
| —— | (+/-)-bismethoxymethylarthrographol | 138224-00-7 | C17H22O5 |
| —— | 5-Methoxymethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylsulfanyl-chroman-6-carbaldehyde | 91078-11-4 | C20H22O4S |
| —— | methyl {(3S)-6-[{(3S)-7-[(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)(propyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl}acetate | 1258402-30-0 | C29H27F4N3O5 |
| —— | 3',3'-diphenylxanthene-9-spiro-2'-thietan-4'-one | 103723-99-5 | C27H18O2S |
| —— | 850886-43-0 | C23H26N2O2 | |
| —— | 8-(2,6-difluoro-4-chlorophenyl)-6-butoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-58-2 | C21H22ClF2NO2 |
| —— | 1351600-54-8 | C14H10O | |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dicyclohexyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-6-amine | 488124-87-4 | C29H36Cl2N2O |
| —— | 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(ethylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-13-9 | C19H19Cl2NOS |
| —— | 2,3,3,4,4-Pentachloro-2-phenyl-chroman | 22109-83-7 | C15H9Cl5O |
| —— | 4,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 50341-25-8 | C16H14O2 |
| —— | 148423-91-0 | CH4O*C26H27AlBr3N3O3 | |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-4-methoxy-6-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-8-carbaldehyde | 503058-02-4 | C22H30O4Si |
| —— | 2-[5-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-3-(4-methylphenyl)-3-benzofuranyl]-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazinyl]-1-oxoethane hydrochloride | 118709-03-8 | C23H25ClN2O4*ClH |
| —— | 2-[(cyclopropylmethyl)thio]-5-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole | 1005200-20-3 | C14H14N2O2S |
| —— | Acetic acid (4S,4aR,9bS)-6,9b-dimethyl-3,3-bis-phenylsulfanyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran-4-yl ester | 68758-50-9 | C28H28O3S2 |
| —— | 6,7,8,9-Tetrachlor-1-morpholino-1,2,3,4,4a,10-hexahydro-dibenzo-p-dioxin | 3658-06-8 | C16H17Cl4NO3 |
| —— | 8-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]-pyridine | 488125-45-7 | C18H16Cl3NO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-N-[2-(aminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)amine | 852115-22-1 | C16H17ClN2O |
| —— | 6-Methyl-3,4-dichlor-3-chromen-2-ol-acetat | 71706-70-2 | C12H10Cl2O3 |
| —— | 3-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-6-yl)-3-{6-[2-(6-methylamino-pyridin-2-yl)-ethoxy ]-benzofuran-3-yl}-propionic acid | 474658-66-7 | C27H26N2O5 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxymethyl-2,7-dimethyl-8-((E)-styryl)-4H-[1,3]dioxino[4,5-c]pyridin-7-ium; iodide | 105551-09-5 | C18H20NO3*I |
| —— | 1-(7-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-propan-1-one | 64090-17-1 | C18H25ClN2O2 |
| —— | 1'-(4-Nitrophenyl)-spiro(naphtho-1(2H),2'(1'H)-naphtho<2,1-b>furan)-2-one | 146307-41-7 | C27H17NO4 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6aR,11bS,11cS)-1,2-Dimethyl-1,6a,11b,11c-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[kl]xanthen-4-one | 65769-01-9 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | 784179-32-4 | C30H38N4O6 | |
| —— | JW148 | 1361453-38-4 | C19H21NO4 |
| —— | 8-(2,6-difluoro-4-chlorophenyl)-6-(ethylthio)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b,-hexahydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine | 488125-29-7 | C19H18ClF2NOS |
| —— | (R)-7-(difluoromethoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepine | 1345731-96-5 | C12H13F2NO2 |
| —— | Dehydroaplysin | 23963-98-6 | C15H17BrO |
| —— | dihydro-4-methylene-5-nitro-2H-1-benzopyran | 226895-33-6 | C10H9NO3 |
| —— | 6-Bromo-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-amine | 1879536-13-6 | C12H16BrNO |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-1-(piperidin-4-yl)ethanone hydrochloride | 614729-92-9 | C15H19NO2*ClH |
| —— | 1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-ylmethyl)-3-(2-fluoro-ethyl)-cyanoguanidine | 1071448-65-1 | C13H15FN4O |
| —— | taans-2,3-Diacetoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 68024-41-9 | C12H12O5 |
| —— | 1073619-36-9 | C15H19N5O | |
| —— | 5,6-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 1501283-66-4 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | 2-(2-bromoethylsulfinyl)-6-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole | 813435-83-5 | C15H14BrN3O3S2 |