香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Methyl 7-Methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-acetate | 93772-87-3 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | 2,3,3a,8a-Tetrahydro-2-oxo-4,6-dibenzyloxy-furo<2,3-b>benzofuran | 17878-75-0 | C24H20O5 |
| —— | 6-acetoxy-4,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 104418-22-6 | C12H14O5 |
| —— | 2-vinyl-4-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 85870-20-8 | C10H9ClO |
| —— | 5-(6-Phenylmethoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione | 905724-88-1 | C18H15NO4S |
| —— | 2-{N-[4-(3-furylcarbonylamino)butyl]}aminomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan | 175902-90-6 | C18H22N2O3 |
| —— | 4-Aethoxy-8-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-chroman-3-ol | 13229-73-7 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | 4-Methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 81407-79-6 | C12H14O2 |
| —— | 1393810-73-5 | C14H18N2O | |
| —— | 1602573-91-0 | C18H17BrF3N3O | |
| —— | N-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-N-ethylethane-1,2-diamine | 1196733-09-1 | C12H18N2O |
| —— | (9aS)-8-acetyl-N-(furan-3-ylmethyl)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9a-methyl-9-oxodibenzofuran-4-carboxamide | 1227077-80-6 | C22H19NO8 |
| —— | 3,3'-Di-p-tolyl-3H,3'H-[3,3']bibenzofuranyl-2,2'-dione | 65425-06-1 | C30H22O4 |
| —— | (1E,4Z,7Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-1-(4,4,5,7,8-pentamethyl-chroman-6-yl)-9-trimethylsilanyloxy-nona-1,4,7-triene-3,6-diol | 120306-90-3 | C28H44O4Si |
| —— | 2-azidomethyl-4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-6-fluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxole | 913630-25-8 | C14H9ClFN3O2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-5-benzofuranol | 116733-84-7 | C18H24O3 |
| —— | 1-((2S,3R)-6-(allyloxy)-3-hydroxy-5-iodo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)ethanone | 1400807-70-6 | C13H13IO4 |
| —— | 5-Methoxy-2-(3-ethoxypropylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran | 21130-29-0 | C15H23NO3 |
| —— | 7-Chlor-2-(3-ethoxy-propylaminomethyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran | 17793-78-1 | C14H20ClNO2 |
| —— | 1289634-67-8 | C80H112O16Si4 | |
| —— | 5-[1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-1-ium | 86766-80-5 | C17H17O |
| —— | [(2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)methyl](methoxy)amine hydrochloride | 2059954-43-5 | C10H14ClNO2 |
| —— | 3-Acetoxy-furadan | 18999-71-8 | C14H17NO5 |
| —— | (2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-methanol | 91060-96-7 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | (1R,2R)-2-[(R)-2-(4-Phenyl-butyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-4-yl]-cyclopropanecarbaldehyde | 532400-26-3 | C22H24O2 |
| —— | rac-3,3-bis(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-2-phenylpropanal | 1392087-50-1 | C25H22O3 |
| —— | 5-[1-(2-Cyclohexylmethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione | 109208-85-7 | C19H21NO3S |
| —— | 3-Benzofuranamine, 4-chloro-2,3-dihydro-, hydrochloride (1:1), (3R)- | 2102412-96-2 | C8H9Cl2NO |
| —— | (R)-1-((2S,3S)-3-(benzylamino)-4,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl)-3-phenylpropan-1-ol | 1356485-58-9 | C26H29NO4 |
| —— | (1S,2R)-2-aminomethyl-1-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid allyl-propyl-amide | 947766-34-9 | C19H26N2O2 |
| —— | 2,2-diethoxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydrochromene | 84095-62-5 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | 5-((3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde | 1191913-92-4 | C15H14O2S |
| —— | 7-bromo-5-(chloromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran | 501430-65-5 | C9H8BrClO |
| —— | 1562399-41-0 | C17H18F4O2 | |
| —— | (3-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazin-4-yl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester | 7646-09-5 | C12H14N2O4 |
| —— | 5-Methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-carbonyl chloride | 42074-76-0 | C11H11ClO3 |
| —— | {6-[(2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]hexan-2-yl}(ethyl)amine | 1303889-68-0 | C18H29NO2 |
| —— | (3Z)-3-benzylidene-6-chloro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-2-benzofuran | 1569046-80-5 | C16H10ClF3O |
| —— | (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2,3-diol | 1397698-22-4 | C8H8O3 |
| —— | 9-Nitro-8-hydroxy-1.2.3.4.4a.9b-hexahydro-dibenzofuran | 2081-94-9 | C12H13NO4 |
| —— | Acetic acid 6,7-dichloro-5-(methyl-phenyl-sulfamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl ester | 103969-32-0 | C18H17Cl2NO5S |
| —— | 2,8,10,11b-tetramethyl-6-propyl-1,2,3,11b-tetrahydro-benzo[<i>e</i>]pyrimido[1,6-<i>c</i>][1,3]oxazin-4-one | 5104-68-7 | C18H26N2O2 |
| —— | (6,7-dimethoxy-2-methylcarbamoyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-3-yl)-acetic acid | 102013-03-6 | C20H21NO6 |
| —— | 2-(RS)-(2-iodoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-acetoxy-4,6,7-trimethylbenzofurane | 134867-63-3 | C15H19IO3 |
| —— | (5,7-Dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl-dimethyl-phenylsilane | 1034139-64-4 | C19H24O3Si |
| —— | Spiro[(1,3-diaza-1-cyclopentene)-5,3'-(chroman)]fumarate | 162098-30-8 | C4H4O4*C11H12N2O |
| —— | [(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-ylamino)-methylene]-malonic acid diethyl ester | 35067-44-8 | C16H19NO5 |
| —— | 13-Aza-14-ethoxy-18-nor-7-methyl-6-oxa-17-oxo-8,14-seco-estra-1,3,5(10),9(11)-tetraene-3-methyl ether | 74358-53-5 | C19H25NO4 |
| —— | 2,12-dimethoxy-5a,6,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-5H-chromeno[3,2-d]xanthene | 1569791-95-2 | C22H24O4 |
| —— | 4,6-Dinitro-7-oxo-tetrahydrodibenzofuran | 66041-62-1 | C12H8N2O6 |