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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯丙烷和聚酮 黄酮类化合物

    黄酮类化合物

    黄酮类化合物 定义与结构特征

    黄酮类化合物是一大类天然存在的有机化合物，属于酚类衍生物。它们的分子结构通常包含两个苯环（A和B环）和一个三碳环（C环），形成一个基本骨架。该骨架由多个亚结构组成，包括黄烷醇、黄酮、黄酮醇等。

    生物来源

    黄酮类化合物广泛存在于植物界中，常见于许多蔬菜、水果及中药中。例如，在大豆、柑橘、茶叶和甘草中都可以找到它们的身影。

    化学性质 亲水性与溶解度

    由于其分子结构中含有多个酚羟基，因此具有一定的亲水性和良好的溶解性，这使得黄酮类化合物在药物设计中扮演重要角色。

    稳定性与光敏性

    大多数黄酮类化合物相对稳定，在适宜条件下不易发生降解。但某些类型的黄酮对光照比较敏感，容易被氧化，导致颜色变化。

    生理活性与药用价值

    黄酮类化合物因其丰富的生理活性而备受关注，主要包括：

    • 抗氧化作用：可有效清除体内自由基，保护细胞免受损伤。
    • 抗炎效应：有助于减轻炎症反应，缓解症状。
    • 心血管保护：可能通过多种机制改善心脑血管健康。
    • 抗癌潜力：研究表明某些黄酮类物质具有抑制肿瘤生长的能力。
    应用领域 食品工业

    作为一种天然色素和抗氧化剂，被广泛应用于食品加工中以提高其保质期及营养价值。

    化妆品行业

    利用其良好的生物相容性和抗衰老特性，在化妆品配方中应用广泛。

    药物开发

    由于黄酮类化合物展现出广泛的药理活性，已成为新药研发的重要候选目标之一。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetamide —— C25H21NO5
    N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetamide
    —— N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetamide 853749-62-9 C23H16ClNO5
    N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetamide
    —— N-(2-ethylphenyl)-2-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetamide —— C25H21NO5
    N-(2-ethylphenyl)-2-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetamide
    —— N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetamide —— C24H18ClNO5
    N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetamide
    —— 7-{6-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy}-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one —— C35H44O20
    7-{6-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy}-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one
    —— 7-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxymethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one —— C35H44O21
    7-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxymethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxymethyl]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-chromen-4-one —— C29H34O16
    5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxymethyl]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-chromen-4-one
    —— 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside 125206-11-3 C28H32O16
    3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Robustaflavone & 3TC —— C38H29N3O13S
    Robustaflavone & 3TC
    —— Robustaflavone & PCV —— C40H33N5O13
    Robustaflavone & PCV
    —— Thalassiolin B 518057-59-5 C22H22O14S
    Thalassiolin B
    —— Thalassiolin C 518057-56-2 C21H20O13S
    Thalassiolin C
    —— Thalassiolin A 207683-70-3 C21H20O14S
    Thalassiolin A
    —— delphinidin 3-neohesperidoside —— C27H31O16
    delphinidin 3-neohesperidoside
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxychromenylium-7-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol —— C21H21O11+
    (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxychromenylium-7-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol —— C27H31O16+
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Cyanidin 3,5-digalactoside —— C27H31O16+
    Cyanidin 3,5-digalactoside
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol —— C20H19O9+
    (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)chromenylium-4-carboxylic acid —— C17H13O6+
    5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)chromenylium-4-carboxylic acid
    —— [(2S,3R,4S,5R)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-5-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate —— C43H49O23+
    [(2S,3R,4S,5R)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-5-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— 2,4-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)chromenylium-5,7-diol —— C23H19O5+
    2,4-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)chromenylium-5,7-diol
    —— 2-[2,4-Bis(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-3-methoxychromenylium-7-ol —— C30H25O5+
    2-[2,4-Bis(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-3-methoxychromenylium-7-ol
    —— 7-[(2S,3R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one —— C27H30O14
    7-[(2S,3R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— quercetin-3-O-butyrate —— C19H16O8
    quercetin-3-O-butyrate
    —— Dodecanoic acid 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl ester —— C27H32O8
    Dodecanoic acid 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl ester
    —— Tetradecanoic acid 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl ester —— C29H36O8
    Tetradecanoic acid 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl ester
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-ylpalmitate —— C31H40O8
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-ylpalmitate
    —— 3-O-decanoylquercetin —— C25H28O8
    3-O-decanoylquercetin
    —— 7-(4-Chlorobutoxy)-2-(3,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one —— C34H31ClO7
    7-(4-Chlorobutoxy)-2-(3,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-7-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-4-oxo-chromen-7-yl]oxyethoxy]-5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one —— C34H26O14
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-7-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-4-oxo-chromen-7-yl]oxyethoxy]-5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one
    —— 2-(3,4-Dibenzyloxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-(6-hydroxyhexoxy)-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one —— C36H36O8
    2-(3,4-Dibenzyloxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-(6-hydroxyhexoxy)-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-(6-hydroxyhexoxy)-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one —— C22H24O8
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-(6-hydroxyhexoxy)-3-methoxy-chromen-4-one
    —— 8-(1,1-Dimethylpropyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[8-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chroman-6-yl]chromen-4-one —— C30H36O7
    8-(1,1-Dimethylpropyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[8-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)chroman-6-yl]chromen-4-one
    —— wikstrol A —— C30H22O10
    wikstrol A
    —— [(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-chromen-3-yl]peroxy-4,5-dihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate —— C27H22O16
    [(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-chromen-3-yl]peroxy-4,5-dihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-chromen-4-one —— C21H20O10
    5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-chromen-4-one
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-[2-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-phenyl]-8,8-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one —— C31H34O11
    5-hydroxy-2-[2-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-phenyl]-8,8-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one
    —— 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]chromen-4-one —— C21H20O6
    5,7-Dihydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]chromen-4-one
    —— 1-[(2R,4S,5S)-4-azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-5-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4-dione; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one —— C25H23N5O10
    1-[(2R,4S,5S)-4-azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-5-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4-dione; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one; (3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-phenethyloxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate —— C36H34O16
    3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one; (3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-phenethyloxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
    —— 2-(2,2-Dimethylchroman-6-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-chromen-4-one —— C20H18O5
    2-(2,2-Dimethylchroman-6-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-chromen-4-one
    —— 6-acetyl-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-6-[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-8-yl]-1,4,8-trihydroxyxanthen-9-one —— C36H28O17
    6-acetyl-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-6-[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-8-yl]-1,4,8-trihydroxyxanthen-9-one
    —— (2R,3R)-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one —— C21H22O10
    (2R,3R)-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one
    —— (2S)-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-chroman-4-one —— C21H22O10
    (2S)-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-chroman-4-one
    —— (2R,3R)-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-chroman-4-one —— C21H22O11
    (2R,3R)-7-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-chroman-4-one
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[[(3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]chromen-4-one —— C21H20O12
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[[(3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]chromen-4-one
    —— quercetin-3-O-(2''-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside 69624-79-9 C28H24O16
    quercetin-3-O-(2''-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— [5-[5,7-Dihydroxy-4-oxo-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyphenyl] hydrogen sulfate —— C27H30O19S
    [5-[5,7-Dihydroxy-4-oxo-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyphenyl] hydrogen sulfate
    —— dorsmanin C —— C30H32O7
    dorsmanin C
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-4-methoxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one —— C26H30O6
    5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-4-methoxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one