摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(Z)-3-{[1-(tert-butyl)-1,1-dimethyl-silanyl]oxy}-1-propenyl]-5-methoxyphenol 300767-54-8 C16H26O3Si
    2-[(Z)-3-{[1-(tert-butyl)-1,1-dimethyl-silanyl]oxy}-1-propenyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-bromophenol-6-carbomethoxypropane 1427500-17-1 C11H13BrO3
    2-bromophenol-6-carbomethoxypropane
    —— 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-butanol 103386-91-0 C10H14O2
    4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-butanol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutanone 294669-29-7 C10H10O2
    2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutanone
    —— ethyl 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate 115399-72-9 C14H16O4
    ethyl 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate
    —— 2-bromo-3,4-difluorophenol 1376335-05-5 C6H3BrF2O
    2-bromo-3,4-difluorophenol
    —— 1-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-(5S)-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone 871816-09-0 C15H17N3O2
    1-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-(5S)-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine 1252687-51-6 C17H12N4O5
    2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine
    —— (+)-oleocanthal 864668-14-4 C17H20O5
    (+)-oleocanthal
    —— 2-[2-methyl-4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-ethylbromide 118241-47-7 C12H17BrO2
    2-[2-methyl-4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-ethylbromide
    —— 4-(5′-methoxysalicylideneimino)benzonitrile 386241-48-1 C15H12N2O2
    4-(5′-methoxysalicylideneimino)benzonitrile
    —— 4-methyl-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol 40324-53-6 C12H16O2
    4-methyl-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)phenol 40324-49-0 C10H12O2
    2-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane 7070-68-0 C12H16O3
    2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane
    —— 3-Heptadecyl-5-(pentylamino)-1,2-benzenediol 75776-36-2 C28H51NO2
    3-Heptadecyl-5-(pentylamino)-1,2-benzenediol
    —— (2Z,4E)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one 1422364-18-8 C17H14O5
    (2Z,4E)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one 1172141-31-9 C20H20O6
    5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2,6-Dimethylphloroglucin-1-monomethylether 23848-22-8 C9H12O3
    2,6-Dimethylphloroglucin-1-monomethylether
    —— 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde 13383-64-7 C9H10O4
    2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde
    —— 3,5-bis(azidomethyl)phenol 906561-99-7 C8H8N6O
    3,5-bis(azidomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzene-1,4-diol 31490-53-6 C8H10O3
    2-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 5,11,17,23-tetraamino-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene 125583-13-3 C28H28N4O4
    5,11,17,23-tetraamino-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene
    —— 4,5-diethoxy-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde 100059-45-8 C11H14O4
    4,5-diethoxy-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 2,4,6-Trihydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitrobenzamide 126395-15-1 C8H8N2O6
    2,4,6-Trihydroxy-N-methyl-3-nitrobenzamide
    —— 2-[(2E)-but-2-enyl]-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 812646-63-2 C12H14O3
    2-[(2E)-but-2-enyl]-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— (E,E)-1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)deca-1,3-dien-5-one 151029-52-6 C16H20O3
    (E,E)-1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)deca-1,3-dien-5-one
    —— methyl [2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamate 164228-27-7 C11H15NO4
    methyl [2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamate
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one 55882-87-6 C15H21NO3
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one
    —— (E)-2-((2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol 10335-62-3 C11H10N4O
    (E)-2-((2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)phenol
    —— 6-amino-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile —— C15H14N4O3
    6-amino-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine;2-nitrophenol 125316-98-5 C18H28N2O3
    N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine;2-nitrophenol
    —— 5-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylamino) 2-methyl-phenol 437702-28-8 C12H17NO
    5-(1-cyclopropyl-ethylamino) 2-methyl-phenol
    —— 3-methyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-6-one 1415126-83-8 C13H12N2O3
    3-methyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-6-one
    —— methyl 3-(3,4-dimethoxy-6-hydroxyphenyl)propionate 67566-03-4 C12H16O5
    methyl 3-(3,4-dimethoxy-6-hydroxyphenyl)propionate
    —— 3,6-dicyanocatechol 3934-96-1 C8H4N2O2
    3,6-dicyanocatechol
    —— 2-(3,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-pentan 54540-51-1 C17H20O2
    2-(3,5-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-pentan
    —— methyl 2-(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 129503-81-7 C12H14O3
    methyl 2-(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 2-[(Z)-3-{[1-(tert-butyl)-1,1-dimethyl-silanyl]oxy}-1-propenyl]-3,5-dimethylphenol 300766-99-8 C17H28O2Si
    2-[(Z)-3-{[1-(tert-butyl)-1,1-dimethyl-silanyl]oxy}-1-propenyl]-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-hydroxyphenoxyethyl tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl ether 270261-91-1 C13H18O4
    4-hydroxyphenoxyethyl tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl ether
    —— 4-((4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-5-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol 116218-76-9 C10H11FN2O2
    4-((4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-5-fluorobenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-4-carbonitrile 868849-45-0 C12H13NO2
    4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-4-carbonitrile
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)octan-3-one 53172-02-4 C15H22O3
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)octan-3-one
    —— 2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 926271-13-8 C9H13NO2
    2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— cyclic S,S,S,O-tert-butylphenolcalixl[4,4]urene 1266201-18-6 C60H80N8O5S3
    cyclic S,S,S,O-tert-butylphenolcalixl[4,4]urene
    —— 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4''-hydroxyphenyl)methylene-4-methoxyfuran-2(5H)-one 131146-36-6 C18H14O5
    3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4''-hydroxyphenyl)methylene-4-methoxyfuran-2(5H)-one
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenoxy)-ethanol 70187-40-5 C8H8N2O7
    2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-phenoxy)-ethanol
    —— (2R,3R,11R,12R,20R,21R)-1,4,10,13,19,22-hexaaza-(2,3:11,12:20,21)-tris(tetramethylene)-7,16,25-trihydroxy-(6,8:15,17:24,26)-tris(2-tert-butyl-1-propen-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,9,10,11,12,13,14,18,19,20,21,22,23,27-octadecahydro[27]annulene 1383854-73-6 C54H84N6O3
    (2R,3R,11R,12R,20R,21R)-1,4,10,13,19,22-hexaaza-(2,3:11,12:20,21)-tris(tetramethylene)-7,16,25-trihydroxy-(6,8:15,17:24,26)-tris(2-tert-butyl-1-propen-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,9,10,11,12,13,14,18,19,20,21,22,23,27-octadecahydro[27]annulene
    —— 2,5-Bis-dodecylmercapto-1,4-dihydroxy-benzol 96470-77-8 C30H54O2S2
    2,5-Bis-dodecylmercapto-1,4-dihydroxy-benzol
    —— (-)-4-(1,5-dimethylhex-4-enyl)-2-methylphenol 357608-54-9 C15H22O
    (-)-4-(1,5-dimethylhex-4-enyl)-2-methylphenol
    —— 2,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 97595-21-6 C16H12O2S
    2,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene