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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-{[(1,2-Benzothiazol-3-yl)amino]methylidene}-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 647026-36-6 C15H12N2O2S
    6-{[(1,2-Benzothiazol-3-yl)amino]methylidene}-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 5-bromo-2-isopropyl-4-methoxy-phenol 865305-08-4 C10H13BrO2
    5-bromo-2-isopropyl-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 5-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-2-nitrophenol 136809-44-4 C15H11NO4
    5-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-2-nitrophenol
    —— 3-Isopropyl-2,4,6-trinitro-phenol 112273-63-9 C9H9N3O7
    3-Isopropyl-2,4,6-trinitro-phenol
    —— 5-isopropyl-2-nitrophenol 153506-06-0 C9H11NO3
    5-isopropyl-2-nitrophenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[5-[5-[[7-[5-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-3-methyl-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methyl]-3-methyl-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1295650-01-9 C45H32N8O8S4
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[5-[5-[[7-[5-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-3-methyl-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methyl]-3-methyl-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (3S)-3-hydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]butanamide 914491-24-0 C12H17NO3
    (3S)-3-hydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]butanamide
    —— 3-bromo-2-methoxy-5-methylphenol 137639-64-6 C8H9BrO2
    3-bromo-2-methoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— (3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid 99339-45-4 C10H12O5
    (3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid
    —— methyl 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-senecioylphenyl)propanoate 117285-76-4 C16H20O5
    methyl 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-senecioylphenyl)propanoate
    —— (E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylhydrazone 1234475-39-8 C16H15N3O3S
    (E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylhydrazone
    —— 1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)cyclohexene 14004-17-2 C13H16O
    1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)cyclohexene
    —— [1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]acetic acid ethyl ester 1444367-98-9 C15H17BrN2O3
    [1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 1-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium chloride 0.15-hydrate 110698-56-1 C12H15N2O*Cl
    1-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium chloride 0.15-hydrate
    —— 2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-benzaldehyd 94899-80-6 C9H10O4
    2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-benzaldehyd
    —— 3,5-dimethoxy-2,6-dimethylphenol 859784-13-7 C10H14O3
    3,5-dimethoxy-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— [3-({tert-butoxycarbonyl-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amino}-methyl)-phenyl]-aceticacidmethylester 950503-76-1 C23H29NO5
    [3-({tert-butoxycarbonyl-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-amino}-methyl)-phenyl]-aceticacidmethylester
    —— [3-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzyl]-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 950503-77-2 C22H29NO4
    [3-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzyl]-[2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate 69260-41-9 C12H14O4
    2-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 2,3,6-trimethoxyphenol 90539-42-7 C9H12O4
    2,3,6-trimethoxyphenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol 33567-65-6 C9H11BrO2
    4-bromo-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol
    —— (E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate 1360054-11-0 C13H13BrCl3NO2
    (E)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate
    —— (E)-4-bromo-2-(5-hydroxypent-3-enyl)phenol 1360054-35-8 C11H13BrO2
    (E)-4-bromo-2-(5-hydroxypent-3-enyl)phenol
    —— 2.6-dinitro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-<i>tert</i>-butyl-benzene 3996-59-6 C11H14N2O5
    2.6-dinitro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-<i>tert</i>-butyl-benzene
    —— 2-bromo-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-phenol 91799-53-0 C10H13BrO
    2-bromo-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-phenol
    —— 3,5-bis(benzylcarbamoyl)phenol 114274-47-4 C22H20N2O3
    3,5-bis(benzylcarbamoyl)phenol
    —— 2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-methylthiomethyl-phenol 67869-02-7 C11H16OS
    2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-methylthiomethyl-phenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one 133570-40-8 C10H10O3
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 2,4-dibromo-3,5,6-trimethylphenol 15460-17-0 C9H10Br2O
    2,4-dibromo-3,5,6-trimethylphenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-benzyl alcohol 68658-09-3 C10H14O2
    4-hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-benzyl alcohol
    —— vinyl-guaiacol 625120-95-8 C9H10O2
    vinyl-guaiacol
    —— 4-[[5-(Methoxymethoxy)-6-(oxan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol 1253215-63-2 C22H29NO4
    4-[[5-(Methoxymethoxy)-6-(oxan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol
    —— 4-[[6-Cyclopentyl-5-(methoxymethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol 1253215-36-9 C22H29NO3
    4-[[6-Cyclopentyl-5-(methoxymethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol
    —— 4-[[6-Cyclohexyl-5-(methoxymethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol 1253215-54-1 C23H31NO3
    4-[[6-Cyclohexyl-5-(methoxymethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol
    —— Methyl 10-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)decanoate 1360686-22-1 C20H32O3
    Methyl 10-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)decanoate
    —— 4-[[5-(Methoxymethoxy)-6-(oxolan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol 1253215-45-0 C21H27NO4
    4-[[5-(Methoxymethoxy)-6-(oxolan-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol
    —— 2-(3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid 1352954-42-7 C12H13NO5
    2-(3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid
    —— 4-[[6-Chloro-5-(methoxymethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]-hydroxymethyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol 1253215-20-1 C17H20ClNO4
    4-[[6-Chloro-5-(methoxymethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]-hydroxymethyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol
    —— 4-[[5-(Methoxymethoxy)-6-propan-2-ylpyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol 1253215-25-6 C20H27NO3
    4-[[5-(Methoxymethoxy)-6-propan-2-ylpyridin-2-yl]methyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol
    —— 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxy-hydroquinone 160925-86-0 C8H8Cl2O4
    2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxy-hydroquinone
    —— 3-n-octylphenol 20056-69-3 C14H22O
    3-n-octylphenol
    —— 10-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)decanoic acid 58185-84-5 C19H30O3
    10-(2-Hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)decanoic acid
    —— 2,4,6-triaminoresorcinol 13066-97-2 C6H9N3O2
    2,4,6-triaminoresorcinol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-benzylalkohol 90534-21-7 C9H12O2
    3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-benzylalkohol
    —— styphninic acid ; barium styphnate 15805-42-2 Ba*C6HN3O8
    styphninic acid ; barium styphnate
    —— 7-(2'-hydroxy-3',4',6'-trimethylphenyl)heptanoic acid 58185-83-4 C16H24O3
    7-(2'-hydroxy-3',4',6'-trimethylphenyl)heptanoic acid
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzonitrile 95091-87-5 C10H11NO
    2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzonitrile
    —— lead styphnate —— C6HN3O8*Pb
    lead styphnate
    —— 6-(2'-hydroxy-3',4',6'-trimethylphenyl)hexanoic acid 58185-82-3 C15H22O3
    6-(2'-hydroxy-3',4',6'-trimethylphenyl)hexanoic acid
    —— barium 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinolate monohydrate 13406-88-7 Ba*C6HN3O8*H2O
    barium 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinolate monohydrate