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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(4-allyloxyphenyl)ethanol 98704-58-6 C11H14O2
    2-(4-allyloxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— 2-methoxy-3-(tetradecyloxy)phenol 130442-12-5 C21H36O3
    2-methoxy-3-(tetradecyloxy)phenol
    —— 2,5-dihydroxy-mandelic acid 15573-66-7 C8H8O5
    2,5-dihydroxy-mandelic acid
    —— 2-(4<i>t</i>-nitro-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-5<i>r</i>-yl)-phenol 62260-75-7 C15H12N2O4
    2-(4<i>t</i>-nitro-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-5<i>r</i>-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-(i-propoxy), 5-methoxyphenol 86636-02-4 C10H14O3
    2-(i-propoxy), 5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(i-propoxy)-4-methoxyphenol 86636-06-8 C10H14O3
    2-(i-propoxy)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Brom-3,4,6-trimethyl-phenol 15460-08-9 C9H11BrO
    2-Brom-3,4,6-trimethyl-phenol
    —— (Z)-8-(3,5-Dimethylphenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-octene 149777-42-4 C16H24O
    (Z)-8-(3,5-Dimethylphenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-octene
    —— 4-amino-3-methyl-5-nitrophenol 91912-05-9 C7H8N2O3
    4-amino-3-methyl-5-nitrophenol
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-6-ethyl-1-cyclohexene 157586-79-3 C16H22O
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-6-ethyl-1-cyclohexene
    —— 3-bromo-2-chloro-5-methyl-hydroquinone 187809-42-3 C7H6BrClO2
    3-bromo-2-chloro-5-methyl-hydroquinone
    —— 5-(6-chloro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-2-methoxy-phenol 892545-89-0 C11H10ClN3O2
    5-(6-chloro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-[(E)-Hydroxyimino]-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanesulfonic acid amide 74538-98-0 C8H10N2O4S
    2-[(E)-Hydroxyimino]-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanesulfonic acid amide
    —— 3,5,6-Tribrom-2-methyl-hydrochinon 63884-43-5 C7H5Br3O2
    3,5,6-Tribrom-2-methyl-hydrochinon
    —— 2,4,5-trichloro-3,6-dihydroxytoluene 4592-98-7 C7H5Cl3O2
    2,4,5-trichloro-3,6-dihydroxytoluene
    —— 3-(2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-(4-methylphenylamino)-2-cyclopenten-1-on 112152-03-1 C19H19NO3
    3-(2,5-Dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-(4-methylphenylamino)-2-cyclopenten-1-on
    —— 4-isopropoxy-3-methyl-phenol 1216201-65-8 C10H14O2
    4-isopropoxy-3-methyl-phenol
    —— 4-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]phenol 202594-63-6 C12H14N2O
    4-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]phenol
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one 958844-13-8 C24H29NO6
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one
    —— (+/-)-1-(3,4-dimethyloxy-2-hydroxyphenethyl)-5-methyl-2-piperidone 109741-71-1 C16H23NO4
    (+/-)-1-(3,4-dimethyloxy-2-hydroxyphenethyl)-5-methyl-2-piperidone
    —— (+/-)-1-(3,4-dimethyloxy-2-hydroxyphenethyl)-3-methyl-2-piperidone 109741-72-2 C16H23NO4
    (+/-)-1-(3,4-dimethyloxy-2-hydroxyphenethyl)-3-methyl-2-piperidone
    —— 2-Azido-5-methyl-benzene-1,4-diol 185330-18-1 C7H7N3O2
    2-Azido-5-methyl-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-Allyl-6-methyl-hydrochinon 91061-11-9 C10H12O2
    2-Allyl-6-methyl-hydrochinon
    —— 1,3,5-tris((3,5-dihydroxybenzylthio)methyl)benzene 943139-50-2 C30H30O6S3
    1,3,5-tris((3,5-dihydroxybenzylthio)methyl)benzene
    —— 5-(ethylamino)-4-methyl-2-nitrosophenol 63549-31-5 C9H12N2O2
    5-(ethylamino)-4-methyl-2-nitrosophenol
    —— {2-[4-bromo-3-(t-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenylimino]-2-(5-ethyl-2-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylsulfanylethylidene}carbamic acid methyl ester 1134559-58-2 C25H29BrFN3O5S
    {2-[4-bromo-3-(t-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl)phenylimino]-2-(5-ethyl-2-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylsulfanylethylidene}carbamic acid methyl ester
    —— 3-ethyl-5-methoxy-phenol 88640-66-8 C9H12O2
    3-ethyl-5-methoxy-phenol
    —— tert-butyl 2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamido)ethylcarbamate 1533427-35-8 C14H19N3O6
    tert-butyl 2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamido)ethylcarbamate
    —— 2-hydroxy-1-(1-methyl-penten-(2)-yl)-benzene 62536-89-4 C12H16O
    2-hydroxy-1-(1-methyl-penten-(2)-yl)-benzene
    —— Methyl-6-chlorhomogentisat 57166-01-5 C9H9ClO4
    Methyl-6-chlorhomogentisat
    —— N-Iodoacetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylamin 50686-86-7 C12H16INO4
    N-Iodoacetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylamin
    —— 5-isopropoxy-2-[2'-(3''-isopropoxy-4''-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-4-methoxyphenol 215715-45-0 C22H26O5
    5-isopropoxy-2-[2'-(3''-isopropoxy-4''-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— Dimethyl 3,3'-(4,6-dihydroxy-5-nitro-1,3-phenylene)dipropanoate 88421-76-5 C14H17NO8
    Dimethyl 3,3'-(4,6-dihydroxy-5-nitro-1,3-phenylene)dipropanoate
    —— 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octahydroxy-5,10,15,20-tetrahydrotetrabenzo[a,d,g,j]-cyclododecatetraene 54337-62-1 C28H24O8
    2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octahydroxy-5,10,15,20-tetrahydrotetrabenzo[a,d,g,j]-cyclododecatetraene
    —— N,N-dioctadecyl-N-methyl-N-<2-nitro-5-oxidobenzyl>ammonium bromide 128971-01-7 Br*C44H83N2O3
    N,N-dioctadecyl-N-methyl-N-<2-nitro-5-oxidobenzyl>ammonium bromide
    —— 2-Nitro-4-nitroso-phenol 19077-69-1 C6H4N2O4
    2-Nitro-4-nitroso-phenol
    —— 4-cyclohexylmethylphenol 92035-56-8 C13H18O
    4-cyclohexylmethylphenol
    —— 2-Cyclopropyl-1-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pyridin-3-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone 1244694-52-7 C19H19N3O2
    2-Cyclopropyl-1-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-pyridin-3-yl-3,4-dihydropyrazol-2-yl]ethanone
    —— 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentan-1-one 84715-32-2 C12H14O2
    2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentan-1-one
    —— 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)cycloheptan-1-one 158097-02-0 C14H18O2
    2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)cycloheptan-1-one
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-1-cyclohexanone 22081-10-3 C13H16O2
    2-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-1-cyclohexanone
    —— 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-methylcyclohexan-1-one 158096-71-0 C14H18O2
    2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-methylcyclohexan-1-one
    —— 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1-cyclohexanone ethylene acetal 80826-41-1 C15H20O3
    2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1-cyclohexanone ethylene acetal
    —— 2-(trans-2-butenyl)phenol 18322-78-6 C10H12O
    2-(trans-2-butenyl)phenol
    —— 5-Ethoxy-4-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenol 83053-40-1 C14H20O3
    5-Ethoxy-4-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenol
    —— 5-(dibutylamino)benzene-1,3-diol 210880-91-4 C14H23NO2
    5-(dibutylamino)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-[(Z)-(2-Methyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5(2H)-ylidene)amino]phenol 89476-24-4 C15H13N3OS
    4-[(Z)-(2-Methyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5(2H)-ylidene)amino]phenol
    —— [3-bis(propylthio)methyl]phenol 120159-62-8 C13H20OS2
    [3-bis(propylthio)methyl]phenol
    —— 5-Dipropylamino-benzene-1,3-diol 481634-77-9 C12H19NO2
    5-Dipropylamino-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3,5-dihydroxy-N,N-diethylaniline 481634-78-0 C10H15NO2
    3,5-dihydroxy-N,N-diethylaniline