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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl)acetamide 88345-24-8 C8H7ClN2O6S
    N-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl)acetamide
    —— 2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid 89666-10-4 C10H12O5
    2-Hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophen-3-one 24388-08-7 C15H10O3S
    2-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophen-3-one
    —— (2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-glyoxylic acid 117373-23-6 C9H8O4
    (2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-glyoxylic acid
    —— bis-[(2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diyl)dimethyl]-bis-p-tert-calix[4]aren 158750-25-5 C112H128N4O8
    bis-[(2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diyl)dimethyl]-bis-p-tert-calix[4]aren
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-chlorophenyl)-tetrahydropyran 62071-42-5 C11H13ClO2
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-chlorophenyl)-tetrahydropyran
    —— 4,6-Dimethoxy-3-ethyl-phenol 19676-68-7 C10H14O3
    4,6-Dimethoxy-3-ethyl-phenol
    —— 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethyl-phenol 20844-87-5 C10H14O3
    2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethyl-phenol
    —— 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[1,2,3-tris(ethylsulfanyl)propyl]phenol 103360-43-6 C17H28O3S3
    2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[1,2,3-tris(ethylsulfanyl)propyl]phenol
    —— 3-(4-bromo-2-fluoro-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-trifluoromethyl-(1H,3H)-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 216988-80-6 C11H5BrF4N2O3
    3-(4-bromo-2-fluoro-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-trifluoromethyl-(1H,3H)-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione 58161-68-5 C13H10O4
    2-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione
    —— 2-Methyl-3,4,5-trinitrophenol 94495-59-7 C7H5N3O7
    2-Methyl-3,4,5-trinitrophenol
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35-hexa-tert-butyl-37,38,40,41-tetrahydroxy-39,42-(m-xylylenedioxy)calix<6>arene 154388-69-9 C74H90O6
    5,11,17,23,29,35-hexa-tert-butyl-37,38,40,41-tetrahydroxy-39,42-(m-xylylenedioxy)calix<6>arene
    —— 9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione 37797-16-3 C25H30O6
    9-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione
    —— 2-fluoro-4-(phenylselanyl)phenol 1350814-98-0 C12H9FOSe
    2-fluoro-4-(phenylselanyl)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl dimethylcarbamate 1631050-32-2 C10H13NO3
    2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl dimethylcarbamate
    —— 3-Fluoro-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol 127686-01-5 C7H7FO2
    3-Fluoro-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-(cyclohex-1-en-3-yl)-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol 117720-66-8 C13H16O2
    2-(cyclohex-1-en-3-yl)-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol
    —— nitroorcinol 16533-37-2 C7H7NO4
    nitroorcinol
    —— N-[3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propyl]ethenesulfonamide 1261034-15-4 C12H17NO3S
    N-[3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propyl]ethenesulfonamide
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid amide 91843-23-1 C10H13NO2
    3-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid amide
    —— 2-bromo-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol 101908-82-1 C7H7BrO2
    2-bromo-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,6-diethoxy-hydroquinone 90927-17-6 C10H14O4
    2,6-diethoxy-hydroquinone
    —— methyl (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)propionate 265983-55-9 C11H14O3
    methyl (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)propionate
    —— 4-methyl-2-vinylphenol 90535-80-1 C9H10O
    4-methyl-2-vinylphenol
    —— 6-dodecyl-6-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane 98506-70-8 C29H48N2O9
    6-dodecyl-6-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraoxacyclotetradecane
    —— 5-methyl-4-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 38106-46-6 C12H16O2
    5-methyl-4-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-1,1,2,2-d4-amine 115797-26-7 C8H11NO2
    2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-1,1,2,2-d4-amine
    —— 2-(5-((4-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol 1378258-63-9 C16H13FN2O2S
    2-(5-((4-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-(5-((3-methoxybenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol 1378258-71-9 C17H16N2O3S
    2-(5-((3-methoxybenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-(5-((4-methoxybenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol 1378258-75-3 C17H16N2O3S
    2-(5-((4-methoxybenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol
    —— 5-methyl-2-(5-((3-methylbenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1378258-65-1 C17H16N2O2S
    5-methyl-2-(5-((3-methylbenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(5-((2-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol 1378258-60-6 C16H13FN2O2S
    2-(5-((2-fluorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol 119170-85-3 C12H14O2
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol
    —— 5-methyl-2-(5-((4-methylbenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1378258-68-4 C17H16N2O2S
    5-methyl-2-(5-((4-methylbenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(5-((3-chlorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol 1378258-55-9 C16H13ClN2O2S
    2-(5-((3-chlorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-(5-((2-chlorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol 1378258-54-8 C16H13ClN2O2S
    2-(5-((2-chlorobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol
    —— 3-((benzylimino)methyl)phenol 76506-01-9 C14H13NO
    3-((benzylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— ethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propanoate 140841-05-0 C12H16O3
    ethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propanoate
    —— 1,3-Bis[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea 6638-52-4 C15H12Cl2N4O3
    1,3-Bis[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]urea
    —— N'',N'''-bis[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]carbonic dihydrazide 6639-73-2 C15H14N4O3
    N'',N'''-bis[(E)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]carbonic dihydrazide
    —— 5-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)carbonohydrazide 6639-69-6 C17H18N4O5
    5-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)carbonohydrazide
    —— 2-(5-(benzylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol 1357083-12-5 C16H14N2O2S
    2-(5-(benzylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-5-methylphenol
    —— [rac]-2-ethoxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester 343870-70-2 C14H20O4
    [rac]-2-ethoxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— (E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 1076188-34-5 C14H13NO3
    (E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-chloro-3,4,6-trimethylphenol 54121-39-0 C9H11ClO
    2-chloro-3,4,6-trimethylphenol
    —— 2,4,5-Trimethyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)phenol 89711-25-1 C10H14OS
    2,4,5-Trimethyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)phenol
    —— N-(2-Chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-N'-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)urea 84954-07-4 C14H8Cl2N4O4
    N-(2-Chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-N'-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)urea
    —— 2-Tetracosylphenol 69426-89-7 C30H54O
    2-Tetracosylphenol
    —— 4-[(E)-Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yliminomethyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 647026-37-7 C15H12N2O2S
    4-[(E)-Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yliminomethyl]-2-methoxy-phenol