摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-hydroperoxy-4-methoxyphenol 924276-56-2 C11H16O4
    2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-hydroperoxy-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Butoxy-2,6-ditert-butylphenol 22944-15-6 C18H30O2
    4-Butoxy-2,6-ditert-butylphenol
    —— 2,6-Ditert-butyl-4-prop-2-ynoxyphenol 75169-12-9 C17H24O2
    2,6-Ditert-butyl-4-prop-2-ynoxyphenol
    —— (3S,5S)-[6]-gingerdiol —— C17H28O4
    (3S,5S)-[6]-gingerdiol
    —— 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 180908-66-1 C23H34O2Si
    2,6-di-t-butyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— Benzyl-<3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-aether 2444-24-8 C21H28O2
    Benzyl-<3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-aether
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-nitro-6-{[(2'-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamino]methyl}phenol 1570188-74-7 C16H27N3O3
    2-tert-butyl-4-nitro-6-{[(2'-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamino]methyl}phenol
    —— 4-isopropoxy-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol 22944-14-5 C17H28O2
    4-isopropoxy-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol
    —— 2-(tert-butyl)-6-nitrophenol 18515-04-3 C10H13NO3
    2-(tert-butyl)-6-nitrophenol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole 6956-41-8 C21H18N2O
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole
    —— 2,4,6-tris(2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine 434942-20-8 C24H21N3O6
    2,4,6-tris(2,4-dihydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine
    —— 1-[1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol 319457-96-0 C17H27NO3
    1-[1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol
    —— 4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]-2-nitrophenol 177080-41-0 C10H14N2O5
    4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]-2-nitrophenol
    —— 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride 354575-08-9 C7H3Cl2NO4
    3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride
    —— 3-iodo-4-methoxyphenol 98279-45-9 C7H7IO2
    3-iodo-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 1221721-82-9 C17H14N2O6
    2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-propylbenzamide 216374-54-8 C11H15NO3
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-propylbenzamide
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzohydrazide 39635-24-0 C8H10N2O3
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzohydrazide
    —— (3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazine 1334137-72-2 C12H16N2O3
    (3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazine
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 1221719-96-5 C18H18N2O6
    2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
    —— (2E,4E)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one 1422364-09-7 C17H13ClO3
    (2E,4E)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— N-(2-benzenesulfinylethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide 1043429-51-1 C17H19NO4S
    N-(2-benzenesulfinylethyl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one 1101271-39-9 C10H8O4
    4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (<i>E</i>)-oxime 51673-94-0 C8H9NO3
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (<i>E</i>)-oxime
    —— 4-(Triethylgermyl)phenol 5627-33-8 C12H20GeO
    4-(Triethylgermyl)phenol
    —— 1-[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl]-2-[(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy)benzylidene]hydrazine 54918-93-3 C16H14Cl2N2O4
    1-[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl]-2-[(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy)benzylidene]hydrazine
    —— bis-(3-fluoro-salicylidene)-ethylenediamine 721452-03-5 C16H14F2N2O2
    bis-(3-fluoro-salicylidene)-ethylenediamine
    —— 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-pentylbenzaldehyde 162330-77-0 C13H18O3
    2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-pentylbenzaldehyde
    —— 2-tert-Butyl-6-(chloromethyl)-4-nitrophenol 80116-29-6 C11H14ClNO3
    2-tert-Butyl-6-(chloromethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— methyl (1S,2S,3S)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-propoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate —— C28H28O7
    methyl (1S,2S,3S)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-propoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carboxylate
    —— 2,6-dimethyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxycarbonyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine 104060-39-1 C24H24N2O7
    2,6-dimethyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxycarbonyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-nitroformanilide 70886-36-1 C7H6N2O4
    2-hydroxy-4-nitroformanilide
    —— 3-(((4-chlorophenyl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol 152306-10-0 C13H10ClNO2
    3-(((4-chlorophenyl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-[(4-bromo-phenylimino)-methyl]-benzene-1,2-diol 152306-09-7 C13H10BrNO2
    3-[(4-bromo-phenylimino)-methyl]-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2,3,6-trichloro-4-methyl-phenol 551-77-9 C7H5Cl3O
    2,3,6-trichloro-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-(2,4-Dinitro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-nitro-phenol 133827-00-6 C12H7N3O9S
    2-(2,4-Dinitro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol 201139-83-5 C12H18O2
    1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol
    —— 2-Trimethylsilylethyl 4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)butanoate 202126-60-1 C15H24O4Si
    2-Trimethylsilylethyl 4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)butanoate
    —— 6-chloro-2-pentylphenol 88951-32-0 C11H15ClO
    6-chloro-2-pentylphenol
    —— 2-((E)-((E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)allylidene)amino)-5-nitrophenol 1187781-19-6 C17H17N3O3
    2-((E)-((E)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)allylidene)amino)-5-nitrophenol
    —— 4-(2-azepan-4-ylethoxy)phenol 861930-48-5 C14H21NO2
    4-(2-azepan-4-ylethoxy)phenol
    —— 4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenol 23877-68-1 C12H17NO2
    4-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenol
    —— (3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)methanone 1578484-81-7 C11H12N2O5
    (3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)methanone
    —— 4,5-dimethyl-3-nitro-pyrocatechol 859066-26-5 C8H9NO4
    4,5-dimethyl-3-nitro-pyrocatechol
    —— 3-(methylsulfonyl)-5-nitrophenol 1335140-51-6 C7H7NO5S
    3-(methylsulfonyl)-5-nitrophenol
    —— 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-benzaldehyde 883744-95-4 C9H8F2O4
    4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 3-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-cyclopentyl-propan-1-one 749928-36-7 C14H17ClO2
    3-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-cyclopentyl-propan-1-one
    —— N-<2-(1-azabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-on-5-yl)ethyl>-4-hydroxy-2-nitroaniline 236111-77-6 C15H19N3O4
    N-<2-(1-azabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-on-5-yl)ethyl>-4-hydroxy-2-nitroaniline
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetonitrile 1000180-41-5 C10H11NO3
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetonitrile
    —— 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenol 4526-58-3 C6H2Br4O
    2,3,4,5-tetrabromophenol