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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-(4-Cyano-3-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)urea 84954-06-3 C15H12N4O5
    N-(4-Cyano-3-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)urea
    —— <4-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-phenyl>-aceton 2215-80-7 C11H14O4
    <4-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-phenyl>-aceton
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-buttersaeure 77914-22-8 C10H11NO5
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-buttersaeure
    —— 4-(1-Amino-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 67992-01-2 C9H13NO3
    4-(1-Amino-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(5R,7R)-7-methoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[f][1,3]benzodioxol-5-yl]phenol 132127-64-1 C19H20O6
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(5R,7R)-7-methoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[f][1,3]benzodioxol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Isobutoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133154-91-3 C29H39N5O4
    6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Isobutoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Isobutoxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]-2-methyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133155-01-8 C29H39N5O4
    6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Isobutoxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]-2-methyl-benzimidazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— (+/-)-3,3-Bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-6-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylenecycloheptane 118630-81-2 C22H30O5
    (+/-)-3,3-Bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-6-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylenecycloheptane
    —— 2-(2-bromo-3-methylbutyryl)amino-5-methoxyphenol 112808-53-4 C12H16BrNO3
    2-(2-bromo-3-methylbutyryl)amino-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(5R,7S)-7-methoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[f][1,3]benzodioxol-5-yl]phenol 132127-64-1 C19H20O6
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(5R,7S)-7-methoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[f][1,3]benzodioxol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Isobutoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]-2-hydroxy-benzimidazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133155-05-2 C28H37N5O5
    6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Isobutoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]-2-hydroxy-benzimidazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 2-amino-6-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxyphenol 206872-08-4 C8H11NO3
    2-amino-6-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-amino-6-methylphenol hydrobromide 888731-59-7 BrH*C7H9NO
    2-amino-6-methylphenol hydrobromide
    —— 2-amino-6-chloro-4-methyl-phenol 862730-26-5 C7H8ClNO
    2-amino-6-chloro-4-methyl-phenol
    —— (R<sub>P</sub>)-4-4,15-dihydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane —— C16H16O2
    (R<sub>P</sub>)-4-4,15-dihydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane
    —— Methyl 7-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoheptanoate 118630-82-3 C16H22O4
    Methyl 7-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoheptanoate
    —— 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl) morpholin-3-one 915953-45-6 C11H13NO3
    5-(4-hydroxybenzyl) morpholin-3-one
    —— 4-allyl-2-methylphenol 21574-35-6 C10H12O
    4-allyl-2-methylphenol
    —— 4-triallylmethylphenol 224191-80-4 C16H20O
    4-triallylmethylphenol
    —— 1-(2,4-(OH)2-6-(Me)phenyl)-3-Me-2-butenone 130715-33-2 C12H14O3
    1-(2,4-(OH)2-6-(Me)phenyl)-3-Me-2-butenone
    —— 5-ethylbenzene-1,2,3-triol 66125-16-4 C8H10O3
    5-ethylbenzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl acetate 32645-00-4 C9H9NO5
    4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl acetate
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl bromide 177179-94-1 C7H6BrNO3
    4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl bromide
    —— [(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl][(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methyl]phosphinic acid 1245939-37-0 C11H15N2O7P
    [(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl][(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methyl]phosphinic acid
    —— 4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-nitrophenol 1379588-08-5 C13H10N4O3
    4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— (S,S,S)-2-[(3,5-bis{[4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl]methyl}-2,4,6-trimethyl)phenyl]methyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole 873783-12-1 C39H39N3O6
    (S,S,S)-2-[(3,5-bis{[4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl]methyl}-2,4,6-trimethyl)phenyl]methyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole
    —— 2-biphenylenol 18798-41-9 C12H8O
    2-biphenylenol
    —— (4-methoxyphenethoxy)trimethylsilane 130436-68-9 C12H20O2Si
    (4-methoxyphenethoxy)trimethylsilane
    —— 4-heptyl-pyrocatechol 2628-64-0 C13H20O2
    4-heptyl-pyrocatechol
    —— (2'S,3'S)-N-{1,3-dihydroxy-4-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-2-butyl}heptanamide 1032453-20-5 C20H33NO5
    (2'S,3'S)-N-{1,3-dihydroxy-4-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-2-butyl}heptanamide
    —— (2S,3S)-2-amino-4-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]butane-1,3-diol 1032453-24-9 C13H21NO4
    (2S,3S)-2-amino-4-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]butane-1,3-diol
    —— (S)-N-{1-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-yl}heptanamide 1032453-10-3 C19H31NO4
    (S)-N-{1-hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-yl}heptanamide
    —— 2-chloro-4-(2-ethylbutyl)phenol 144987-46-2 C12H17ClO
    2-chloro-4-(2-ethylbutyl)phenol
    —— 3,4,5,6-Tetrafluor-2-nitrophenol 20994-05-2 C6HF4NO3
    3,4,5,6-Tetrafluor-2-nitrophenol
    —— 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzenediol 101383-04-4 C10H14O3
    4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzenediol
    —— 2-fluoro-4-decyloxyphenol 174529-46-5 C16H25FO2
    2-fluoro-4-decyloxyphenol
    —— 4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2-methoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol 115319-87-4 C11H17NO2S
    4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2-methoxy-3-(methylthio)phenol
    —— adamantane-1-carboxylic acid 3,4-dihydroxy-benzylamide 42724-44-7 C18H23NO3
    adamantane-1-carboxylic acid 3,4-dihydroxy-benzylamide
    —— 2-[1,1-Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]phenol 74402-80-5 C14H14N4O
    2-[1,1-Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]phenol
    —— adamantane-1-carboxylic acid 4-hydroxy-benzylamide 42600-87-3 C18H23NO2
    adamantane-1-carboxylic acid 4-hydroxy-benzylamide
    —— 5,6-dimethoxy-3-(2-nitro-5-hydroxybenzylidene)phthalide 858943-16-5 C17H13NO7
    5,6-dimethoxy-3-(2-nitro-5-hydroxybenzylidene)phthalide
    —— 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-N-[3-(octadecyloxy)propyl]benzamide 87667-24-1 C28H49NO5
    3,4,5-Trihydroxy-N-[3-(octadecyloxy)propyl]benzamide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N'-(2-fluorophenyl)urea 182498-40-4 C13H10FN3O4
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N'-(2-fluorophenyl)urea
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide 38880-86-3 C11H14N2O4
    N-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide
    —— 2-bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-methylbutyramide 944356-77-8 C11H13BrN2O4
    2-bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-methylbutyramide
    —— 4-chlorophenyl-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide 201802-05-3 C14H11ClN2O4
    4-chlorophenyl-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— N-(2'-hydroxy-4'-nitrophenyl)butyramide 500991-88-8 C10H12N2O4
    N-(2'-hydroxy-4'-nitrophenyl)butyramide
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-2-(p-tolyl)acetamide 931412-37-2 C15H14N2O4
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-2-(p-tolyl)acetamide
    —— 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide 461031-55-0 C14H11BrN2O4
    2-(4-Bromophenyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-(isopropylamino)-5-nitrophenol 590420-84-1 C9H12N2O3
    2-(isopropylamino)-5-nitrophenol