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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-(5'-benzyloxy-2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-1-butanol 157547-47-2 C20H26O3
    3-(5'-benzyloxy-2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-1-butanol
    —— 5-(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylidene-2-methyl-2-pentanol 105970-34-1 C15H22O2
    5-(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylidene-2-methyl-2-pentanol
    —— Isobutyric acid 3-(3-benzyloxy-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-3-methyl-butyl ester 264888-43-9 C24H32O4
    Isobutyric acid 3-(3-benzyloxy-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-3-methyl-butyl ester
    —— 4-Benzylideneaminophenol 588-53-4 C13H11NO
    4-Benzylideneaminophenol
    —— 4-[1-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-propyl]-2-methoxyphenol 70110-67-7 C19H24O6
    4-[1-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-propyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3,5-Bis-[(triisopropylsilanyl)-ethynyl]-phenol 918826-07-0 C28H46OSi2
    3,5-Bis-[(triisopropylsilanyl)-ethynyl]-phenol
    —— 2-Hydroxymethyl-4,5-dimethoxy-phenylaethylalkohol 67645-12-9 C11H16O4
    2-Hydroxymethyl-4,5-dimethoxy-phenylaethylalkohol
    —— 1-ethoxy-2,2-diisopropyl-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene 224561-05-1 C16H24O2
    1-ethoxy-2,2-diisopropyl-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-3-methylenebutan-2-one 916908-64-0 C11H11NO5
    4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-3-methylenebutan-2-one
    —— 5-bromo-3-methoxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)phenol 1395922-42-5 C9H11BrO4
    5-bromo-3-methoxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)phenol
    —— 25,27-dihydroxycalix<4>arene 145237-29-2 C28H24O2
    25,27-dihydroxycalix<4>arene
    —— 5-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 76238-97-6 C10H12O3
    5-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— methyl 2-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 76251-01-9 C9H8Br2O3
    methyl 2-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 3-methoxy-2-propylphenol 93114-94-4 C10H14O2
    3-methoxy-2-propylphenol
    —— 4-[[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde 1360932-59-7 C25H28O4Si
    4-[[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide 1451411-31-6 C19H23NO5
    2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
    —— 2-methyl-5-(phenylamino)phenol 107624-19-1 C13H13NO
    2-methyl-5-(phenylamino)phenol
    —— 2-(1-hydroxyallyl)-4-methoxyphenol 139437-00-6 C10H12O3
    2-(1-hydroxyallyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(1-hydroxyallyl)-4-nitrophenol 1253197-87-3 C9H9NO4
    2-(1-hydroxyallyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— (E)-2-(3-azidoprop-1-en-1-yl)4-nitrophenol 1429629-03-7 C9H8N4O3
    (E)-2-(3-azidoprop-1-en-1-yl)4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-((E)-2-nitrovinyl)benzene-1,4-diol 139122-86-4 C8H7NO4
    2-((E)-2-nitrovinyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-toluene 1409973-09-6 C9H11BrO3
    2-bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-toluene
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-ynyl)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-hydroxytoluene 1409973-12-1 C14H18O4
    2-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-ynyl)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-hydroxytoluene
    —— 4-bromo-2-chloro-6-iodophenol 858855-18-2 C6H3BrClIO
    4-bromo-2-chloro-6-iodophenol
    —— 4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzonitrile 363185-42-6 C16H15NO2
    4-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzonitrile
    —— 4-bromo-2-methoxy-5-(2-nitroethenyl)phenol 252186-55-3 C9H8BrNO4
    4-bromo-2-methoxy-5-(2-nitroethenyl)phenol
    —— 4-((3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)amino)benzonitrile 537677-50-2 C17H14ClN5O2
    4-((3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)amino)benzonitrile
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetonitrile 4468-58-0 C9H9NO2
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetonitrile
    —— 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxyphenol 935255-02-0 C11H16O2
    2-sec-butyl-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethylamine 56522-51-1 C9H12BrNO2
    2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethylamine
    —— 2-(5-benzyloxy-2-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol 55323-56-3 C16H17BrO3
    2-(5-benzyloxy-2-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— (Z)-5-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 1563938-07-7 C22H17BrFNO5S
    (Z)-5-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (Z)-α-(2'-bromo-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone 1271303-77-5 C12H16BrNO3
    (Z)-α-(2'-bromo-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-N-tert-butylnitrone
    —— (Z)-α-(2'-bromo-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-N-benzylnitrone 1271303-79-7 C15H14BrNO3
    (Z)-α-(2'-bromo-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-N-benzylnitrone
    —— 2,6-di(2,3-epoxypropyl)phenol 13467-65-7 C12H14O3
    2,6-di(2,3-epoxypropyl)phenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-trifluoromethyl-phenol 53903-50-7 C8H7F3O2
    4-methoxy-2-trifluoromethyl-phenol
    —— N-Caproyl dopamine 930050-18-3 C14H21NO3
    N-Caproyl dopamine
    —— 4,5,5-Trimethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-oxazolin 7112-99-4 C12H15NO2
    4,5,5-Trimethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-oxazolin
    —— 4-methylaminomethyl-pyrocatechol 125789-62-0 C8H11NO2
    4-methylaminomethyl-pyrocatechol
    —— Cristatin 80565-14-6 C22H28O3
    Cristatin
    —— 6-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-pyran-2,5-dione 41744-34-7 C18H12O8
    6-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-pyran-2,5-dione
    —— 2-Bromo-6-hydroxy-3-methoxymethoxy-benzaldehyde 877319-66-9 C9H9BrO4
    2-Bromo-6-hydroxy-3-methoxymethoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-(methoxymethyloxy)-6-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl)benzaldehyde 877319-67-0 C14H14O4
    2-hydroxy-5-(methoxymethyloxy)-6-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 4-Methyl-5-ethyl-pyrocatechol 18087-16-6 C9H12O2
    4-Methyl-5-ethyl-pyrocatechol
    —— 2-ethyl-6-(1-methylbutyl)phenol 74926-92-4 C13H20O
    2-ethyl-6-(1-methylbutyl)phenol
    —— 4-Methyl-3-pentadecyl-brenzcatechin 16273-11-3 C22H38O2
    4-Methyl-3-pentadecyl-brenzcatechin
    —— N,N-bis[methyl-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methoxyphenyl)]-N',N'-dimethylethylenediamine 627090-14-6 C28H44N2O4
    N,N-bis[methyl-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methoxyphenyl)]-N',N'-dimethylethylenediamine
    —— 2-(sec-butyliminomethyl)phenol 5482-06-4 C11H15NO
    2-(sec-butyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 4,5-diethylcatechol 120894-13-5 C10H14O2
    4,5-diethylcatechol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-α,α-bis-(trifluormethyl)-benzylamin 14356-91-3 C9H7F6NO
    4-Hydroxy-α,α-bis-(trifluormethyl)-benzylamin