摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)-6-methylcyclohexanone 1289642-72-3 C14H16O2
    2-(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)-6-methylcyclohexanone
    —— 5-chlorotetrafluorophenol 14754-08-6 C6HClF4O
    5-chlorotetrafluorophenol
    —— p-(4-chlorobutyl)phenol 21782-54-7 C10H13ClO
    p-(4-chlorobutyl)phenol
    —— 2-nitro-4-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)phenol 722464-31-5 C10H12N2O5S
    2-nitro-4-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)phenol
    —— N-butyl-N-(3'-phenylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 147237-67-0 C19H24N2O5S
    N-butyl-N-(3'-phenylpropyl)-4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— ethyl 4-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazoline-4-carboxylate 1244763-20-9 C19H19NO5
    ethyl 4-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazoline-4-carboxylate
    —— 2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol 311781-64-3 C21H14N4O5
    2-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)phenol 1186130-66-4 C16H13NO3
    5-methoxy-2-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— (E)-4-(2-nitrobut-1-en-1-yl)phenol 1035694-88-2 C10H11NO3
    (E)-4-(2-nitrobut-1-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— 3-fluoro-4-methoxy-5-hydroxybenzaldehyde 79418-74-9 C8H7FO3
    3-fluoro-4-methoxy-5-hydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-hexyl-4-methylphenol 54612-53-2 C13H20O
    2-hexyl-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-amino-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-ethanol 59852-28-7 C9H13NO3
    2-amino-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-ethanol
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-yl)phenol 899419-41-1 C13H18N2O2
    3-(1-Hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2,6-di-(2-dodecyl)phenol 100905-20-2 C30H54O
    2,6-di-(2-dodecyl)phenol
    —— 2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)malononitrile 99972-15-3 C11H7BrN2O2
    2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)malononitrile
    —— 5-isoxazoleethanol, α-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-methyl- 113465-78-4 C12H13NO3
    5-isoxazoleethanol, α-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-methyl-
    —— 5-[β-(4'-Hydroxy-3',5'-dimethylphenyl)ethenyl]-3-methylisoxazole 113465-19-3 C14H15NO2
    5-[β-(4'-Hydroxy-3',5'-dimethylphenyl)ethenyl]-3-methylisoxazole
    —— 5-[β-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-methylisoxazole 113465-15-9 C13H13NO3
    5-[β-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-methylisoxazole
    —— 5-[β-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-methylisoxazole 113465-35-3 C14H15NO4
    5-[β-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-methylisoxazole
    —— 3-[β-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-methylpyrazole 113482-91-0 C14H16N2O3
    3-[β-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-methylpyrazole
    —— 5-(dimethylamino)-2-nitrophenol 14703-83-4 C8H10N2O3
    5-(dimethylamino)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2-nitro-4-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-phenol 51207-57-9 C13H11NO5S
    2-nitro-4-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-phenol
    —— 4-[[5-(Methoxymethoxy)-6-propan-2-ylpyridin-2-yl]methyl]-3,5-dimethylphenol 1253214-86-6 C19H25NO3
    4-[[5-(Methoxymethoxy)-6-propan-2-ylpyridin-2-yl]methyl]-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-(1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl)phenol 7070-91-9 C9H10O2S
    2-(1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 8-(3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 1181844-40-5 C19H18BF2N3O3
    8-(3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
    —— 2,6-diethyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 1230026-26-2 C23H27BF2N2O
    2,6-diethyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
    —— hexyl 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenylglyoxylate 125629-06-3 C14H17NO7
    hexyl 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenylglyoxylate
    —— 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol oxime 129083-51-8 C9H10N2O3
    2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol oxime
    —— Aethyl-4,6-dichlorohomogentisat 65565-36-8 C10H10Cl2O4
    Aethyl-4,6-dichlorohomogentisat
    —— N-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide 677320-93-3 C19H18ClN3O3S
    N-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide
    —— 2-(3-Methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione 175971-60-5 C10H9N3O3
    2-(3-Methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione
    —— N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-urea 118362-73-5 C13H17N3O4
    N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-urea
    —— methyl 5-(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2(R,S)-methylpentenoate 77523-20-7 C13H18O4
    methyl 5-(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2(R,S)-methylpentenoate
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde oxime 1726-86-9 C8H9NO2
    2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde oxime
    —— 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde oxime 1595-14-8 C7H6ClNO2
    5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde oxime
    —— ethylsyringamide 192724-37-1 C11H15NO4
    ethylsyringamide
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-2,3-dihydrothiopyran 184879-27-4 C11H12OS
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-2,3-dihydrothiopyran
    —— 3,5-bis-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one 1088178-54-4 C21H20O5S
    3,5-bis-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one
    —— 4-methylsalicylanil 20536-96-3 C14H13NO
    4-methylsalicylanil
    —— 3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one 405313-51-1 C19H16O5S
    3,5-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzothiazole 198134-42-8 C15H13NO3S
    2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzothiazole
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-tetrahydrothiopyran 184879-26-3 C11H14OS
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-tetrahydrothiopyran
    —— 4-Amino-pyrogallol-1.3-dimethylaether 146715-70-0 C8H11NO3
    4-Amino-pyrogallol-1.3-dimethylaether
    —— (+)-threo-syringylglycerol 121748-11-6 C11H16O6
    (+)-threo-syringylglycerol
    —— 2-(N,N-diethylamino)carbonyloxymethyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)piperazine 819075-21-3 C29H39N3O10
    2-(N,N-diethylamino)carbonyloxymethyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)piperazine
    —— 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl chloride 50597-60-9 C9H9ClO4
    4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl chloride
    —— 3-[8(Z),11(Z)-pentadecadienyl] phenol 51546-63-5 C21H32O
    3-[8(Z),11(Z)-pentadecadienyl] phenol
    —— 3,5-bis((Z)-4-hydroxybenzylidene)tetrahydro-4H-thiopyran-4-one 1360119-06-7 C19H16O3S
    3,5-bis((Z)-4-hydroxybenzylidene)tetrahydro-4H-thiopyran-4-one
    —— 4-Oxo-2-salicylidenhydrazono-thiazolidin 22067-36-3 C10H9N3O2S
    4-Oxo-2-salicylidenhydrazono-thiazolidin
    —— (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one 1360119-12-5 C23H24O7S
    (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one