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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-[4-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohept-3-en-1-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenol;hydrochloride —— C24H32ClNO2
    4-[4-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohept-3-en-1-yl]-2,6-dimethylphenol;hydrochloride
    —— (Z,2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)icos-11-enamide —— C27H45NO3
    (Z,2R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)icos-11-enamide
    —— 3-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione —— C11H10O5
    3-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione
    —— 2-[(3-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methyl]propanedinitrile —— C10H7N3O3
    2-[(3-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methyl]propanedinitrile
    —— 2-Ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-4-one —— C12H14O4
    2-Ethyl-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-4-one
    —— tert-butyl (3S)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamoyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate —— C19H28N2O5
    tert-butyl (3S)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamoyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— tert-butyl (3R)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamoyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate —— C19H28N2O5
    tert-butyl (3R)-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamoyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 4-[5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-4-propylfuran-3-yl]phenol —— C25H22O3
    4-[5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-4-propylfuran-3-yl]phenol
    —— Methyl 2-(3,4-dibromo-2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate —— C9H8Br2O4
    Methyl 2-(3,4-dibromo-2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 4-[2-(2H-chromen-3-ylmethylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C19H21NO4
    4-[2-(2H-chromen-3-ylmethylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— [(1S)-2-[(2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)amino]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethyl]-ethoxyphosphinic acid —— C19H27N2O5P
    [(1S)-2-[(2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)amino]-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethyl]-ethoxyphosphinic acid
    —— 9H-Purine-9-propanamide, N-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo- 249278-12-4 C16H17N5O4
    9H-Purine-9-propanamide, N-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-
    —— 2-[(4S,5S)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]acetic acid —— C18H17NO4
    2-[(4S,5S)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]acetic acid
    —— 4-[2-(1,1-Dimethylpropylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol —— C14H23NO4
    4-[2-(1,1-Dimethylpropylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-([1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]triazin-3-ylmethyl)phenol —— C11H9N5O
    3-([1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]triazin-3-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— (3R)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-methyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione —— C12H12O5
    (3R)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-methyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione
    —— 2-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-5-pentadecylsulfanylbenzene-1,4-diol —— C28H48O2S
    2-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-5-pentadecylsulfanylbenzene-1,4-diol
    —— [2-Benzyl-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamothioylamino]propyl] 3,3-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H34N2O4S
    [2-Benzyl-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamothioylamino]propyl] 3,3-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 3-[2-dimethylaminomethyl-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohept-1-enyl]-phenol hydrochloride —— C22H27NO2*ClH
    3-[2-dimethylaminomethyl-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohept-1-enyl]-phenol hydrochloride
    —— (1S,2S,3S,4R)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid —— C16H17NO5
    (1S,2S,3S,4R)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2S,3S,4S)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid —— C16H17NO5
    (1S,2S,3S,4S)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid —— C16H17NO5
    (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-[[(3S)-4-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C21H27FN2O3
    2-[[(3S)-4-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[[(3R)-4-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C23H32N2O4
    4-[[(3R)-4-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[[(3S)-4-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C21H34N2O3
    4-[[(3S)-4-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-methoxyethyl)thiourea —— C11H15N3O2S
    1-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-methoxyethyl)thiourea
    —— 3-(4-Cyclohexylthiosemicarbazono)methyl-phenol —— C14H19N3OS
    3-(4-Cyclohexylthiosemicarbazono)methyl-phenol
    —— 1-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-3-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea —— C16H16ClN3O2S
    1-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-3-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-3-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea —— C17H19N3O2S
    1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-3-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea —— C17H19N3O2S
    1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 1-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)thiourea —— C16H17N3O3S
    1-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)thiourea
    —— 4-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione —— C10H10N4OS
    4-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 5-[(E)-[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylsulfanyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C17H15ClN4O2S
    5-[(E)-[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylsulfanyl]-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]iminomethyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-anilino-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C16H17N3O3
    2-anilino-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 2-bromo-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide —— C14H10BrN3O4
    2-bromo-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]adamantane-1-carboxamide —— C19H24N2O3
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]adamantane-1-carboxamide
    —— 2-chloro-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-methylbenzohydrazide —— C15H12ClN3O4
    2-chloro-N'-[(E)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-4-methylbenzohydrazide
    —— N'-[(E)-(4-Bromophenyl)methylidene]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide —— C14H11BrN2O4
    N'-[(E)-(4-Bromophenyl)methylidene]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— N'-(3-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(3-toluidino)acetohydrazide 303065-83-0 C17H18BrN3O3
    N'-(3-Bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(3-toluidino)acetohydrazide
    —— 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C16H15ClN2O3
    2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-propoxybenzamide —— C18H20N2O4
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-propoxybenzamide
    —— 2-[4-(butan-2-yl)phenoxy]-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide —— C20H24N2O4
    2-[4-(butan-2-yl)phenoxy]-N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]acetohydrazide
    —— N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide —— C12H12N4O2
    N'-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]nonanamide —— C17H26N2O3
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]nonanamide
    —— N,N'-bis[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanediamide —— C17H16N4O4
    N,N'-bis[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]propanediamide
    —— 2-(2-bromo-4-methylphenoxy)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C17H17BrN2O4
    2-(2-bromo-4-methylphenoxy)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-methylbutanamide —— C12H16N2O2
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-methylbutanamide
    —— N-[(E)-1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide —— C17H18N2O5
    N-[(E)-1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-(2-methoxy-5-methylsulfanylthiophen-3-yl)methylideneamino]benzamide —— C14H14N2O5S2
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-[(E)-(2-methoxy-5-methylsulfanylthiophen-3-yl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[(2-{8-thia-4,6-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.0,2,7]trideca-1(9),2,4,6-tetraen-3-yl}hydrazin-1-ylidene)methyl]phenol —— C18H18N4O2S
    2-Methoxy-5-[(2-{8-thia-4,6-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.0,2,7]trideca-1(9),2,4,6-tetraen-3-yl}hydrazin-1-ylidene)methyl]phenol