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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— ethyl 6-amino-5-cyano-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate 315248-76-1 C16H16N2O4
    ethyl 6-amino-5-cyano-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate
    —— 6-amino-2,4-dihydro-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile 667404-65-1 C14H12N4O2
    6-amino-2,4-dihydro-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 2-amino-3-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4H-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran 331852-69-8 C20H22N2O5
    2-amino-3-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-4H-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran
    —— 2-amino-4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile 330656-74-1 C18H18N2O4
    2-amino-4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile
    —— 2,5-diaminohydroquinone dihydrochloride —— C6H8N2O2*2ClH
    2,5-diaminohydroquinone dihydrochloride
    —— 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde 50827-65-1 C10H12O4
    2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde
    —— 1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(5-(furan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)urea 940875-58-1 C14H12N4O4
    1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(5-(furan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)urea
    —— (1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester 1196474-89-1 C11H13BO5
    (1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 4-(benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-2-nitrophenol 1416371-34-0 C16H10N4O3S
    4-(benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(3'-bromo-4'-hydroxy-5'-methoxybenzylidene)-4-methoxy-7-piperidinocarbonyloxy-2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophen-3-one 865851-52-1 C23H22BrNO6S
    2-(3'-bromo-4'-hydroxy-5'-methoxybenzylidene)-4-methoxy-7-piperidinocarbonyloxy-2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophen-3-one
    —— 2-(2-Amino-1,3-selenazol-5-yl)-3,5,6-trichlorobenzene-1,4-diol 127367-73-1 C9H5Cl3N2O2Se
    2-(2-Amino-1,3-selenazol-5-yl)-3,5,6-trichlorobenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-2,4,6-tricyanobenzene 137438-64-3 C9H3N3O3
    1,3,5-Trihydroxy-2,4,6-tricyanobenzene
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol 6074-30-2 C9H9NOS
    3,5-dimethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol
    —— 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-prop-2-en-1-ylphenol 6626-30-8 C12H16O
    2,3,5-trimethyl-6-prop-2-en-1-ylphenol
    —— 2-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-3,5,6-trimethylphenol 40614-19-5 C12H18O2
    2-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-3,5,6-trimethylphenol
    —— 4-[4-Chloro-6-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]pyridin-2-yl]morpholine 852333-61-0 C19H23ClN2O4
    4-[4-Chloro-6-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]pyridin-2-yl]morpholine
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-thiocyanato-phenol 3957-68-4 C9H9NOS
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-thiocyanato-phenol
    —— 4-[6-Chloro-4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-pyridinyl]morpholine 852333-62-1 C19H23ClN2O4
    4-[6-Chloro-4-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-pyridinyl]morpholine
    —— 4-ethoxy-6-methoxysalicylaldehyde 78347-30-5 C10H12O4
    4-ethoxy-6-methoxysalicylaldehyde
    —— ethyl 2-(1,6-dihydroxy-4-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)acetate 1265355-07-4 C12H15BO5
    ethyl 2-(1,6-dihydroxy-4-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)acetate
    —— N,N'-bis(5-nitrosalicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine 98178-15-5 C17H16N4O6
    N,N'-bis(5-nitrosalicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine
    —— N,N'-bis(5-methoxysalicylidene)trimethylenediamine 151750-33-3 C19H22N2O4
    N,N'-bis(5-methoxysalicylidene)trimethylenediamine
    —— Methyl 2-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(phenylcarbonyl)-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate 903191-77-5 C20H18N2O6
    Methyl 2-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(phenylcarbonyl)-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylate
    —— 2,2'-[propane-1,3-diylbis(iminomethylene)]bis(6-methoxyphenol) 5767-55-5 C19H26N2O4
    2,2'-[propane-1,3-diylbis(iminomethylene)]bis(6-methoxyphenol)
    —— 5-methyl-2-allylphenol 41389-12-2 C10H12O
    5-methyl-2-allylphenol
    —— 2-bis{[(1E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino}propane 133345-53-6 C17H18N2O2
    2-bis{[(1E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino}propane
    —— methyl 2-(3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 1421949-02-1 C11H10Br2O3
    methyl 2-(3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-5-fluorophenol 1396751-89-5 C8H5Br2FO
    2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-5-fluorophenol
    —— 5-bromo-2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)phenol 1159343-27-7 C8H5Br3O
    5-bromo-2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)phenol
    —— 2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-4-fluorophenol 91703-57-0 C8H5Br2FO
    2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-4-fluorophenol
    —— Methoxynitrovinylphenol 907176-76-5 C9H9NO4
    Methoxynitrovinylphenol
    —— 3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 64974-37-4 C13H17N5O7
    3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenol 96853-34-8 C9H9NO4
    5-methoxy-2-(2-nitro-vinyl)-phenol
    —— 2-Methyl-6-(2-nitroethenyl)phenol 1003392-49-1 C9H9NO3
    2-Methyl-6-(2-nitroethenyl)phenol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-benzyl)-isothiourea 6378-20-7 C8H10ClN3O3S
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-benzyl)-isothiourea
    —— 3-(tributylstannyl)phenol 557766-32-2 C18H32OSn
    3-(tributylstannyl)phenol
    —— [(E)-2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phosphonothioic acid S-(2-acetylamino-ethyl) ester O-ethyl ester 872426-23-8 C15H22NO5PS
    [(E)-2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-phosphonothioic acid S-(2-acetylamino-ethyl) ester O-ethyl ester
    —— 2,4,6-trimethoxy-3-methylphenol 81574-59-6 C10H14O4
    2,4,6-trimethoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— 2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 182427-46-9 C9H10O5
    2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— methyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethoxypropanoate 175971-61-6 C12H16O5
    methyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethoxypropanoate
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid propyl ester 4624-23-1 C13H18O4
    3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid propyl ester
    —— (+/-)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentan-1-ol 6452-69-3 C11H16O2
    (+/-)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentan-1-ol
    —— 3-Methyl4-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenol 252561-71-0 C10H9NOS
    3-Methyl4-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenol
    —— 3-fluoro-4-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenol 252561-67-4 C9H6FNOS
    3-fluoro-4-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenol
    —— 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-morpholino-7H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-7-one 1174429-30-1 C18H16ClNO5S
    3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-morpholino-7H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-7-one
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-morpholino-7H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-7-one 1174429-27-6 C18H17NO5S
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-morpholino-7H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-7-one
    —— 2-(1-imidazolylmethyl)phenol 41833-14-1 C10H10N2O
    2-(1-imidazolylmethyl)phenol
    —— [1-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-cyclohexa-2,5-dienyl]-acetic acid methyl ester 912580-93-9 C16H18O4
    [1-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-cyclohexa-2,5-dienyl]-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— 2-hexyl-6-methylphenol 106593-25-3 C13H20O
    2-hexyl-6-methylphenol
    —— pillar[6]arene 1364481-88-8 C42H36O12
    pillar[6]arene