有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-[2-(3-乙基-4-甲基-2-氧代-3-吡咯啉-1-甲酰胺基)乙基]-苯磺酰基氨基甲酸乙酯 | Ethyl (4-(2-(3-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamido)ethyl)phenyl)sulfonylcarbamate | 318515-70-7 | C19H25N3O6S |
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4-[2-(2-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-2-氧代乙基]哌啶-2,6-二酮 | 3-[2-(2-hyroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-oxoethyl] glutarimide | 526-02-3 | C15H17NO4 |
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4-[2-(2-甲氧基-5-氯苯甲酰胺基)乙基]苯磺酰胺 | 5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-(4-sulfamoylphenethyl)benzamide | 16673-34-0 | C16H17ClN2O4S |
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4-[1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-1-基甲基]苯胺盐酸盐 | 4-(1,2,4-triazolylmethyl)phenylamine hydrochloride | 144235-64-3 | C9H10N4*ClH |
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4-[1-(4,5-二氢-4,4-二甲基-2-恶唑基)-1-甲基乙基]苯乙醇 | 4-[1-(4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-1-methylethyl]phenethyl alcohol | 361382-26-5 | C16H23NO2 |
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4-[1,2,4]噻唑-4-苯甲酸 | 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole | 157069-48-2 | C9H7N3O2 |
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4-[(环丙基氨基)甲基]-1-哌啶甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-[(cyclopropylamino)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate | 877859-58-0 | C14H26N2O2 |
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4-[(二苯基甲氧基)甲基]-1-[3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙基]-哌啶盐酸盐 | 4-((Benzhydryloxy)methyl)-1-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl)piperidine hydrochloride | 136647-02-4 | C29H36ClNO2 |
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4-[(二氯氨基)磺酰基]苯甲酸钠 | 4-(N,N-Dichlorosulfamyl)-benzoic acid, sodium salt | 5698-56-6 | C7H5Cl2NNaO4S |
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4-[(乙酰氨基)甲基]环己烷羧酸 | N-Acetylaminomethyl-cyclohexancarbonsaeure | 10473-24-2 | C10H17NO3 |
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4-[(乙基氨基)甲基]苯酚 | 4-((ethylamino)methyl)phenol | 45966-19-6 | C9H13NO |
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4-[(三氟乙酰基)氨基]丁酸 | N-(Trifluoroacetyl)-γ-aminobutyric acid | 50632-83-2 | C6H8F3NO3 |
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4-[(8-喹啉磺酰基)氨基]苯甲酸 | 4-(quinoline-8-sulfonamido)benzoic acid | 116834-64-1 | C16H12N2O4S |
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4-[(4-羧基苯甲酰基)氨基]苯甲酸 | N-(4-carboxy-benzoyl)4-aminobenzoic acid | 56419-89-7 | C15H11NO5 |
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4-[(4-羧基苯基)氨基甲酰氨基]苯甲酸 | 4,4'-(carbonylbis(azanediyl))dibenzoic acid | 1234-27-1 | C15H12N2O5 |
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4-[(4-硝基苯基)偶氮]萘-1-胺 | 4-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]naphthalen-1-amine | 6792-71-8 | C16H12N4O2 |
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4-[(4-甲磺酰胺基)苯基]-4-氧代丁酸 | 4-<(methylsulfonyl)amino>-γ-oxobenzenebutanoic acid | 100632-57-3 | C11H13NO5S |
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4-[(4-甲基苯基)磺酰基]哌啶盐酸盐 | 5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid | 3470-46-0 | C11H10O3 |
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4-[(4-甲基苯基)氨基]-1-(苯基甲基)哌啶-4-甲酰胺 | 1-benzyl-4-(p-tolylamino)piperidine-4-carboxamide | 1164-72-3 | C20H25N3O |
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4-[(4-溴苄基)氧基]苯甲醛 | 4-(4-bromobenzyloxy)benzaldehyde | 149833-95-4 | C14H11BrO2 |
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4-[(4-氯苯基)苯甲基]-1-哌啶乙醇二盐酸盐 | 2-(4-((4-Chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanol dihydrochloride | 164726-80-1 | C19H25Cl3N2O |
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4-[(4-氯-2-硝基苯基)氨基]哌啶-1-羧酸乙酯 | 4-(4-chloro-2-nitro-anilino)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 53786-44-0 | C14H18ClN3O4 |
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4-[(4-氨基苯基)磺酰基]苯酚 | 4-Sulfanilyl-phenol | 25963-47-7 | C12H11NO3S |
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4-[(4-氨基苯基)偶氮]苯磺酸单钠盐 | Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-[2-(4-aminophenyl)diazenyl]-, sodium salt (1:1) | 2491-71-6 | C12H11N3NaO3S |
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4-[(4-氨基苯基)偶氮]苯甲酸 | 4-((4-aminophenyl)diazenyl)benzoic acid | 6925-48-0 | C13H11N3O2 |
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4-[(4-氨基-1-萘基)偶氮]苯磺酸钠 | Sodium p-((4-amino-1-naphthyl)azo)benzenesulphonate | 5399-85-9 | C16H13N3NaO3S+ |
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4-[(4-乙氧基苯基)偶氮]-N,N-二乙基-苯胺 | 4-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)azo]-N,N-diethylaniline | 3010-63-7 | C18H23N3O |
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4-[(4-三氟甲基)苯氧基]苯酚 | p-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenol | 39634-42-9 | C13H9F3O2 |
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4-[(4-丁基苯基)二氮烯基]苯酚 | 4-[(4-butylphenyl)diazenyl]phenol | 103939-81-7 | C16H18N2O |
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4-[(4,6-二氨基间甲苯基)偶氮]苯磺酸钠 | 6300-61-4 | C13H14N4NaO3S |
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4-[(2Z)-2-(2-羟基-4-氧代-1-环己-2,5-二烯亚基)肼基]苯磺酸 | 4-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonic acid | 2050-34-2 | C12H10N2O5S |
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4-[(2-羟基-1-萘基)偶氮]苯磺酸 | orange II | 573-89-7 | C16H12N2O4S |
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4-[(2-氨基-4-氧代-7,8-二氢-1H-蝶啶-6-基)甲基氨基]苯甲酸 | dihydropteroate | 2134-76-1 | C14H14N6O3 |
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4-[(1R)-2,2,2-三氟-1-羟基乙基]苯甲酸 | (R)-p-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)benzoic acid | 150821-42-4 | C9H7F3O3 |
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4-[(1-氰基环丁基)氨基]-2-氟-N-甲基苯甲酰胺 | 4-((1-cyanocyclobutyl)amino)-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide | 915087-26-2 | C13H14FN3O |
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4-[(1-氰基-1-甲基乙基)氨基]-2-氟-N-甲基-苯甲酰胺 | N-methyl-2-fluoro-4-(1,1-dimethylcyanomethyl)aminobenzamide | 915087-32-0 | C12H14FN3O |
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4-[((1R)-1-氨乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | (R)-tert-butyl 4-(1-aminoethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 1036027-86-7 | C12H24N2O2 |
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4-N-苄氧羰基氨基环己酮 | benzyl N-(4-oxocyclohexyl)carbamate | 16801-63-1 | C14H17NO3 |
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4-N-羟乙基-2-硝基对苯二胺 | HCRed 7 | 24905-87-1 | C8H11N3O3 |
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4-N-甲基氨基苯乙酮 | 4-methylaminoacetophenone | 17687-47-7 | C9H11NO |
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4-N-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-氟苯硼酸 | (4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-fluorophenyl)boronic acid | 218301-87-2 | C11H15BFNO4 |
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4-N-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-氟苯甲醛 | (2-Fluoro-4-formyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 865450-09-5 | C12H14FNO3 |
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4-N-丁基氯苯 | 4-n-butylchlorobenzene | 15499-27-1 | C10H13Cl |
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4-Formamido苯甲酸 | 4-formamidobenzoic acid | 28533-43-9 | C8H7NO3 |
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4-Fmoc-3-羧基甲基吗啉 | 4-Fmoc-3-carboxymethyl-morpholine | 885273-95-0 | C21H21NO5 |
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4-CBZ-氨基苯基硼酸频哪醇酯 | [4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamic acid phenylmethyl ester | 363186-06-5 | C20H24BNO4 |
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4-Boc-3-吗啉甲酸 | 4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)morpholine-3-carboxylic acid | 212650-43-6 | C10H17NO5 |
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4-Boc-2-(氨甲基)吗啉 | tert-butyl 2-(aminomethyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate | 140645-53-0 | C10H20N2O3 |
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4-BOC-2-氰基并哌啶 | tert-butyl 3-cyanopiperazine-1-carboxylate | 859518-35-7 | C10H17N3O2 |
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4-BOC-2-哌嗪羧胺 | tert-butyl 3-(aminocarbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate | 112257-24-6 | C10H19N3O3 |
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