有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-氯-7-氮杂吲哚 | 4-chloro-7-azaindole | 55052-28-3 | C7H5ClN2 |
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4-氯-7-氟喹唑啉 | 4-chloro-7-fluoroquinazoline | 16499-62-0 | C8H4ClFN2 |
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4-氯-7-三氟甲基喹唑啉 | 4-chloro-7-(trifluoromethyl)quinazoline | 16499-65-3 | C9H4ClF3N2 |
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4-氯-7-(4-甲氧基苄基)-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 4-chloro-7-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 853680-76-9 | C14H14ClN3O |
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4-氯-6-苄氧基-7-甲氧基喹唑啉 | 6-benzyloxy-4-chloro-7-methoxyquinazoline | 286371-65-1 | C16H13ClN2O2 |
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4-氯-6-肼基嘧啶-2-胺 | 4-chloro-6-hydrazineylpyrimidin-2-amine | 89124-04-9 | C4H6ClN5 |
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4-氯-6-甲氧基烟腈 | 4-chloro-6-methoxy-nicotinonitrile | 1261493-38-2 | C7H5ClN2O |
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4-氯-6-甲氧基-7-喹啉醇 | 4-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-7-ol | 205448-31-3 | C10H8ClNO2 |
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4-氯-6-甲基喹唑啉 | 4-chloro-6-methylquinazoline | 58421-79-7 | C9H7ClN2 |
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4-氯-6-甲基-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶 | 4-chloro-6-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine | 30129-53-4 | C6H5ClN4 |
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4-氯-6-氟邻苯二胺 | 5-chloro-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diamine | 1106717-48-9 | C6H6ClFN2 |
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4-氯-6-氟-2-(三氟甲基)喹唑啉 | 4-chloro-6-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinazoline | 959238-11-0 | C9H3ClF4N2 |
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4-氯-6-氟-1H-苯并[d]咪唑 | 4-chloro-6-fluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole | 1314092-05-1 | C7H4ClFN2 |
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4-氯-6-三氟甲基喹唑啉 | 4-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazoline | 16499-64-2 | C9H4ClF3N2 |
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4-氯-6-(甲基硫代)嘧啶-5-甲腈 | 4-chloro-6-methylmercaptopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile | 150807-96-8 | C6H4ClN3S |
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4-氯-6,7-二甲氧基喹唑啉 | 6,7-dimethoxy-4-chloroquinazoline | 13790-39-1 | C10H9ClN2O2 |
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4-氯-6,7-二甲氧基-喹唑啉-2-胺 | 4-chloro-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-amine | 221698-39-1 | C10H10ClN3O2 |
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4-氯-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 4-chloro-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 16372-08-0 | C6H6ClN3 |
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4-氯-6,7-二乙氧基喹唑啉 | 4-Chloro-6,7-diethoxyquinazoline | 162363-46-4 | C12H13ClN2O2 |
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4-氯-6,7-二(2-甲氧基乙氧基)喹唑啉 | 4-chloro-6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazoline | 183322-18-1 | C14H17ClN2O4 |
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4-氯-5-羧基异噻唑 | 4-chloroisothiazole-5-carboxylic acid | 88982-87-0 | C4H2ClNO2S |
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4-氯-5-羟基呋喃-2(5H)-酮 | 4-chloro-5-hydroxy-<5H>-furan-2-one | 40636-99-5 | C4H3ClO3 |
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4-氯-5-碘苯-1,2-二胺 | 4-chloro-5-iodobenzene-1,2-diamine | 1219741-20-4 | C6H6ClIN2 |
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4-氯-5-碘-7H-吡咯并[2,3-D]嘧啶-7-羧酸叔丁酯 | t-butyl 4-chloro-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxylate | 1244855-76-2 | C11H11ClIN3O2 |
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4-氯-5-碘-7-甲基-7h-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶 | 4-chloro-5-iodo-7-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 833481-37-1 | C7H5ClIN3 |
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4-氯-5-碘-7-(苯磺酰基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 4-chloro-5-iodo-7benzenesulfonyl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 208459-84-1 | C12H7ClIN3O2S |
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4-氯-5-碘-6-甲基吡啶-3-腈 | 4-chloro-5-iodo-6-methylnicotinonitrile | 1160848-89-4 | C7H4ClIN2 |
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4-氯-5-碘-6-甲基-2-嘧啶胺 | 4-chloro-5-iodo-6-methylpyrimidin-2-amine | 897030-99-8 | C5H5ClIN3 |
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4-氯-5-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺 | 4-chloro-5-nitrophthalimide | 6015-57-2 | C8H3ClN2O4 |
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4-氯-5-甲氧基吡啶-2-羧酸 | 4-chloro-5-methoxypicolinic acid | 103878-33-7 | C7H6ClNO3 |
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4-氯-5-甲氧基-2-(4-吡啶)嘧啶 | 4-chloro-5-methoxy-2-(4-pyridinyl)pyrimidine | 133661-38-8 | C10H8ClN3O |
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4-氯-5-氯磺酰基-2-氟苯甲酸 | 4-chloro-5-(chlorosulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzoic acid | 56447-54-2 | C7H3Cl2FO4S |
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4-氯-5-氟-7-氮杂吲哚 | 4-chloro-5-fluoro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine | 882033-66-1 | C7H4ClFN2 |
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4-氯-5-氟-6-甲基嘧啶 | 4-chloro-5-fluoro-6-methylpyrimidine | 898044-55-8 | C5H4ClFN2 |
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4-氯-5-氟-2-硝基苯酚 | 4-chloro-5-fluoro-2-nitrophenol | 345-25-5 | C6H3ClFNO3 |
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4-氯-5-氟-1H-吲哚-2,3-二酮 | 4-chloro-5-fluoro-isatin | 84378-94-9 | C8H3ClFNO2 |
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4-氯-5,6-二苯基呋喃并[2,3-D]嘧啶 | 4-chloro-5,6-diphenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine | 65148-07-4 | C18H11ClN2O |
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4-氯-4’-甲基-3-硝基二苯甲酮 | 4-chloro-4'-methyl-3-nitro-benzophenone | 40306-24-9 | C14H10ClNO3 |
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4-氯-4-硝基苯甲酮 | (4-Chlorophenyl)(4-nitrophenyl)methanone | 7497-60-1 | C13H8ClNO3 |
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4-氯-4-甲基苯甲酮 | 4'-methyl-4-chlorobenzophenone | 5395-79-9 | C14H11ClO |
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4-氯-4-氟苯甲酮 | 4-chloro-4'-fluoro-benzophenone | 2069-48-9 | C13H8ClFO |
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4-氯-3’,4’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮 | 4-chloro-3',4'-dimethoxy benzophenone | 116412-83-0 | C15H13ClO3 |
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4-氯-3-羟基苯甲醛 | 4-chloro-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde | 56962-12-0 | C7H5ClO2 |
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4-氯-3-羟基三氟甲苯 | 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenol | 40889-91-6 | C7H4ClF3O |
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4-氯-3-磺酰胺基苯甲酸 | 4-chloro-3-sulphamoylbenzoic acid | 1205-30-7 | C7H6ClNO4S |
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4-氯-3-碘苯胺 | 4-chloro-3-iodoaniline | 573764-31-5 | C6H5ClIN |
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4-氯-3-碘苯甲酸 | 4-chloro-3-iodobenzoic acid | 42860-04-8 | C7H4ClIO2 |
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4-氯-3-碘苄醇 | (4-chloro-3-iodo-phenyl)-methanol | 104317-95-5 | C7H6ClIO |
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4-氯-3-碘三氟甲苯 | 1-chloro-2-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene | 672-57-1 | C7H3ClF3I |
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4-氯-3-碘(1h)吲唑 | 4-chloro-3-iodo-1H-indazole | 518990-33-5 | C7H4ClIN2 |
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