有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4,4'-二(溴甲基)偶氮苯 | 4,4'-bis(bromomethyl)azobenzene | 97654-99-4 | C14H12Br2N2 |
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4,4'-[六氢呋喃并[3,4-c]呋喃-1,4-二基]双(2-甲氧基苯酚) | pinoresinol | 7452-03-1 | C20H22O6 |
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4,4'-[[[2-[(4-羧基苯氧基)甲基]-2-乙基-1,3-丙二基]双(氧基)]双-苯甲酸 | 4,4'-[[2-[(4-carboxyphenoxy)methyl]-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diyl]dioxy]dibenzoic acid | 1359740-23-0 | C27H26O9 |
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4,4'-[(2-氯-1,4-亚苯基)双(偶氮)]双(2-甲基苯酚)酯 | 4,4'-[(Chloro-p-phenylene)bis(azo)]di-o-cresol | 4998-23-6 | C20H17ClN4O2 |
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4,4'-BI-1H-吡唑 | 4,4'-bipyrazole | 25240-33-9 | C6H6N4 |
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4,4'-(蒽-9,10-二基)二苯酚 | 9,10-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)anthracene | 179803-79-3 | C26H18O2 |
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4,4'-(乙烷-1,2-二基双(氧基))双(4-氧代丁酸) | 4,4'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(4-oxobutanoic acid) | 35415-14-6 | C10H14O8 |
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4,4'-(乙炔-1,2-二基)二苯甲酸 | 4,4'-(ethyne-1,2-diyl)dibenzoic acid | 16819-43-5 | C16H10O4 |
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4,4'-([2,2'-联吡啶]-4,4'-二基)双(N,N-二苯基苯胺) | 4,4'-bis(N,N-diphenyl-4-aminophenyl)-2,2'-bipyridine | 1227401-70-8 | C46H34N4 |
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4,4'-(2-乙基亚己基)二苯酚 | 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethylhexane | 74462-02-5 | C20H26O2 |
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4,4'-(1,3-二甲基亚丁基)二苯酚 | 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy phenyl)-4-methyl pentane | 6807-17-6 | C18H22O2 |
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4,4'-(1,3-丙烷二基)二-1-哌啶丙腈 | 3,3'-(propane-1,3-diylbis(piperidine-4,1-diyl))dipropanenitrile | 18136-00-0 | C19H32N4 |
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4,4'-(1,3-丁二炔-1,4-二基)双苯甲醛 | 4,4'-(buta-1,3-diyne-1,4-diyl)dibenzaldehyde | 127653-16-1 | C18H10O2 |
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4,4'-(1,2-乙亚基)双吗啉 | 1,2-dimorpholylethane | 1723-94-0 | C10H20N2O2 |
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4,4',6,6'-四甲基-2,2'-联吡啶 | 4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bipyridine | 4444-27-3 | C14H16N2 |
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4,4',4-三甲基-2,2':6',2-三联吡啶 | 4,4',4''-trimethyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine | 33354-75-5 | C18H17N3 |
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4,4',4'-三氯三苯甲基乙醇 | tris(p-chlorophenyl)methanol | 3010-80-8 | C19H13Cl3O |
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4,4',4''-三羧基三苯胺 | 4,4',4''-nitrilotribenzoic acid | 118996-38-6 | C21H15NO6 |
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4,4',4''-[1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三基三(氧基)]三[苯甲胺] | 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenoxy)triazine | 22065-34-5 | C21H18N6O3 |
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4,4',4''-(苯基-1,3,5-三氧代)-苯甲酸 | 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzene | 1071125-59-1 | C27H18O9 |
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4,4',4'',4'''-甲烷四基四苯酚 | 4,4′,4″,4'"-methanetetrayltetraphenol | 53184-78-4 | C25H20O4 |
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4,4',4'',4'''-四叔丁基酞菁铜 | copper (II) 2,9,16,23-tetra-tert-butyl-29H,31H-phthalocyanine | 39001-64-4 | C48H48CuN8 |
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4,4',4'',4'''-([[1,1'-联苯]-4,4'-二基二苯并三氟)四[苯甲酸 | N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine | 1193093-31-0 | C40H28N2O8 |
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4,4',4"-硼代三甲基苯甲酸(2,3,5,6-四甲基苯甲酸) | tris(p-carboxylic acid)tridurylborane | 1358822-48-6 | C33H39BO6 |
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4,4''-二碘对三联苯 | 4,4''-diiodo-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl | 19053-14-6 | C18H12I2 |
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4,4''-二溴三联苯 | 4,4''-dibromo-p-terphenyl | 17788-94-2 | C18H12Br2 |
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4,16-雄二烯-3-酮 | 4,16-androstadien-3-one | 4075-07-4 | C19H26O |
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4,10-二溴二苯并(def,mno)屈-6,12-二基二硫酸酯二钠盐 | Disodium 4,10-dibromodibenzo(def,mno)chrysene-6,12-diyl bis(sulphate) | 10290-03-6 | C22H8Br2Na2O8S2 |
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4,-羟基-2-甲基丙烯酰苯胺 | N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methacrylamide | 19243-95-9 | C10H11NO2 |
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4,'7-'二溴-'2-(2-'乙基己基')-2H-'苯并三氮唑' | 4,7-dibromo-2-(2-ethylhexyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole | 1268279-63-5 | C14H19Br2N3 |
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4(5)-腈甲基咪唑 | 4-cyanomethylimidazole | 18502-05-1 | C5H5N3 |
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4'-苯甲氧基-2-溴苯丙酮 | 1-<4-(benzyloxy)phenyl>-2-bromo-1-propanone | 35081-45-9 | C16H15BrO2 |
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4'-羟基苯庚酮 | 4-heptanoylphenol | 14392-72-4 | C13H18O2 |
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4'-羟基-3-苯氧基苄醇 | 3-[(4-hydroxy)phenoxy]benzyl alcohol | 63987-19-9 | C13H12O3 |
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4'-羟基-3'-硝基苯乙酮 | 4'-hydroxy-3'-nitroacetophenone | 6322-56-1 | C8H7NO4 |
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4'-碘-4-联苯羧酸 | 4'-Iod-biphenyl-4-carbonsaeure | 5731-12-4 | C13H9IO2 |
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4'-硝基苯甲酰苯胺 | p-nitrobenzanilide | 3393-96-2 | C13H10N2O3 |
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4'-甲氧基甲酰苯胺 | 4-methoxyformanilide | 5470-34-8 | C8H9NO2 |
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4'-甲氧基丁酰苯胺 | N-(4-methoxyphenyl)butyramide | 5421-40-9 | C11H15NO2 |
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4'-溴乙酰苯胺 | 4-bromoacetanilide | 103-88-8 | C8H8BrNO |
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4'-溴-2-氯-1,1'-联苯 | 4'-bromo-2-chloro-biphenyl | 39802-88-5 | C12H8BrCl |
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4'-溴-2,2,2-三氟苯乙酮 | 4'-bromo-2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone | 16184-89-7 | C8H4BrF3O |
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4'-溴-2'-甲基乙酰苯胺 | 4'-bromo-2'-methylacetanilide | 24106-05-6 | C9H10BrNO |
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4'-溴-2'-氟苯乙酮 | 4-bromo-2-fluoroacetophenone | 625446-22-2 | C8H6BrFO |
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4'-氯-2'-羟基苯乙酮 | 4-chloro-2-hydroxy acetophenone | 6921-66-0 | C8H7ClO2 |
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4'-氨基-4-硝基二苯胺-2-磺酸 | 2-(4-aminoanilino)-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid | 91-29-2 | C12H11N3O5S |
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4'-氟-4-碘苯丁酮 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-iodobutan-1-one | 40862-32-6 | C10H10FIO |
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4'-氟-3'-羟基苯乙酮 | 4'-fluoro-3'-hydroxyacetophenone | 949159-95-9 | C8H7FO2 |
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4'-氟-3'-(三氟甲基)苯乙酮 | 1-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanone | 208173-24-4 | C9H6F4O |
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4'-氟-2-苯基苯乙酮 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-phenylethanone | 347-84-2 | C14H11FO |
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