有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-(三正丁基锡基)嘧啶 | 4-(tributylstannyl)pyrimidine | 332133-92-3 | C16H30N2Sn |
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4-(三丁基甲锡烷基)噻唑 | 4-(tributylstannyl)-1,3-thiazole | 173979-01-6 | C15H29NSSn |
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4-(n-(叔丁氧基羰基)甲脒基)苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 4-(N-{[(2-methyl-2-propanyl)oxy]carbonyl}carbamimidoyl)benzoate | 135321-84-5 | C14H18N2O4 |
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4-([2,2':6',2''-三联吡啶]-4'-基)苯甲酸 | 4'-(4-carboxyphenyl)-6,2':6',2''-terpyridine | 158014-74-5 | C22H15N3O2 |
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4-(Z-氨基)-1-丁醇 | benzyl 4-hydroxybutylcarbamate | 17996-13-3 | C12H17NO3 |
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4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸琥珀酰亚胺酯 | 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid N-succinimidyl ester | 64987-85-5 | C16H18N2O6 |
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4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己基甲酸 | 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid | 69907-67-1 | C12H15NO4 |
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4-(N-马来酰亚胺基)二苯甲酮 | benzophenone-4-maleimide | 92944-71-3 | C17H11NO3 |
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4-(N-苯甲酰基氨基)苯酚 | p-benzoylaminophenol | 15457-50-8 | C13H11NO2 |
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4-(N-苯基苯胺基)苯酚 | 4-(diphenylamino)phenol | 25069-86-7 | C18H15NO |
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4-(N-甲基-N-氰乙基)氨基苯甲醛 | 4-(N-methyl-N-2-cyanoethylamino)benzaldehyde | 94-21-3 | C11H12N2O |
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4-(N-叔丁氧羰基)硫代吗啉-3-甲酸 | thiomorpholine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid 4-tert-butyl ester | 128453-98-5 | C10H17NO4S |
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4-(N-乙酰基)胺-3-硝基甲苯 | Methyl-N-(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)carbamat | 29111-73-7 | C9H10N2O4 |
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4-(N-乙基-N-氰乙基)氨基-2-甲基苯甲醛 | 2-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(2-cyanoethyl)-4-aminobenzaldehyde | 119-97-1 | C13H16N2O |
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4-(N-Boc-4-哌啶基)丁酸 | 4-[1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]butanoic acid | 142247-38-9 | C14H25NO4 |
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4-(N-BOC-氨甲基)苯胺 | tert-butyl (4-aminobenzyl)carbamate | 94838-55-8 | C12H18N2O2 |
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4-(N,N-二甲基氨基)苯基三氟硼酸钾 | potassium (4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)trifluoroborate | 1187951-61-6 | C8H10BF3N*K |
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4-(N,N-二乙基氨基)肉桂酸 | 3-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)acrylic acid | 78776-25-7 | C13H17NO2 |
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4-(Fmoc-氨基)-1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-羧酸 | 4-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid | 252206-28-3 | C20H17N3O4 |
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4-(Cbz-氨基)-2-氟苯硼酸频那醇酯 | Benzyl (3-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)carbamate | 1218791-13-9 | C20H23BFNO4 |
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4-(Boc-氨基)哌啶-4-甲酸 | 4-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid | 252720-31-3 | C11H20N2O4 |
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4-(Boc-氨基)-3-氟苯酚 | tert-butyl (2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate | 911297-02-4 | C11H14FNO3 |
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4-(9-腺嘌呤)-D-鞘氨醇-2,3-二羟基丁酸 | eritadenine | 23918-98-1 | C9H11N5O4 |
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4-(9-咔唑)基-4苯胺 | 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)aniline | 52708-37-9 | C18H14N2 |
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4-(7,8,9,10-四氢-5,7,7,10,10-五甲基-2-硝基-5H-苯并[B]萘并[2,3-E][1,4]二氮杂卓-12-基)苯甲酸 | HX531 | 188844-34-0 | C29H29N3O4 |
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4-(6-羟基己氧基)苯甲酸 | 4-(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)benzoic acid | 83883-25-4 | C13H18O4 |
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4-(6-甲基-1,2,4,5-四嗪-3-基)苯甲酸 | 4-(6-methyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)benzoic acid | 1345866-66-1 | C10H8N4O2 |
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4-(6-氯喹喔啉-2-基氧基)苯酚 | 6-chloro-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)quinoxaline | 76578-79-5 | C14H9ClN2O2 |
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4-(6-氯-4-碘吡啶-2-基)吗啉 | 4-(6-chloro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)morpholine | 1276110-16-7 | C9H10ClIN2O |
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4-(6-氯-3-吡啶)- 1- 哌嗪羧酸 1,1-二甲基乙酯 | tert-butyl 4-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate | 633283-53-1 | C14H20ClN3O2 |
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4-(6-丙烯酰氧基己氧基)-4'-氰基联苯 | 6-(4'-cyanobiphenyl-4-yloxy)hexyl acrylate | 89823-23-4 | C22H23NO3 |
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4-(6-(丙烯酰氧基)己氧基)苯甲酸 | 4-{[6-(acryloyloxy)hexyl]oxy}benzoic acid | 83883-26-5 | C16H20O5 |
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4-(5-碘-2-氯苄基)苯酚 | 4-(2-chloro-5-iodobenzyl)phenol | 1459754-32-5 | C13H10ClIO |
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4-(5-甲基-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)苯酚 | 4-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol | 25877-46-7 | C9H8N2O2 |
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4-(5-氯-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯 | 4-(5-chloro-2-pyridylazo)-1,3-phenylenediamine | 33006-91-6 | C11H10ClN5 |
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4-(5-氯-2-(异丙基氨基)吡啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸 | 4-(5-chloro-2-isopropylaminopyridin-4-yl)-1H pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid | 869886-90-8 | C13H14ClN3O2 |
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4-(5-氯-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯胺 | 4-(5-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)aniline | 39861-21-7 | C13H10ClN3 |
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4-(5-噁唑基)苯酚 | 4-(oxazol-5-yl)phenol | 1128-71-8 | C9H7NO2 |
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4-(5-噁唑)苯甲醛 | 4-(oxazol-5-yl)benzaldehyde | 179057-31-9 | C10H7NO2 |
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4-(5-吗啉-2-硝基苯基)吗啉 | 4-[3-(morpholin-4-yl)-4-nitrophenyl]morpholine | 133387-34-5 | C14H19N3O4 |
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4-(5-(4-(戊基氧基)苯基)异噁唑-3-基)苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 4-(5-(4-(pentyloxy)phenyl)isoxazol-3-yl)benzoate | 179162-64-2 | C22H23NO4 |
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4-(4’-苯腈)环己酮 | 4-(4-oxocyclohexyl)benzonitrile | 73204-07-6 | C13H13NO |
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4-(4-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸-N-琥珀酰亚胺酯 | 4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester | 79886-55-8 | C18H16N2O6 |
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4-(4-肼基苄基)-2-噁唑烷酮 | 4-(4-Hydrazinobenzyl)-2-oxazolidinone | 171550-12-2 | C10H13N3O2 |
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4-(4-联苯)丁酸 | 4-(4-phenylphenyl)butanoic acid | 6057-60-9 | C16H16O2 |
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4-(4-羟基苯基)哌啶 | 4-(piperidin-4-yl)phenol | 62614-84-0 | C11H15NO |
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4-(4-羟基丁基)苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 4-(4-hydroxybutyl)benzoate | 123910-88-3 | C12H16O3 |
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4-(4-羟基丁基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(4-hydroxybutyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 142355-83-7 | C14H27NO3 |
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4-(4-碘苯基)四氢-1(2H)-吡嗪羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(4-iodophenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate | 151978-66-4 | C15H21IN2O2 |
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4-(4-碘苯基)吗啉 | 4-(4-iodophenyl)morpholine | 87350-77-4 | C10H12INO |
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