有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-(氟甲基)-苯甲醛 | 4-(fluoromethyl)benzaldehyde | 64747-66-6 | C8H7FO |
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4-(异丙氨基)丁醇 | 4-(isopropylamino)-1-butanol | 42042-71-7 | C7H17NO |
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4-(异丁基氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(isobutylamino)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 179556-97-9 | C14H28N2O2 |
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4-(巯基甲基)恶唑烷-2,5-二酮 | 4-(Mercaptomethyl)oxazolidine-2,5-dione | 6050-68-6 | C4H5NO3S |
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4-(对羟基苯基)-2-丁醇 | rac-rhododendrol | 69617-84-1 | C10H14O2 |
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4-(噻唑-2-基)苯胺 | 4-(thiazol-2-yl)aniline | 193017-26-4 | C9H8N2S |
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4-(噻吩-3-基)苯胺 | 4-(thiophen-3-yl)aniline | 834884-74-1 | C10H9NS |
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4-(噁唑-2-基)苯酚 | 4-(oxazol-2-yl)phenol | 68535-56-8 | C9H7NO2 |
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4-(哌啶-4-基)苯甲酸 | 4-(piperidin-4-yl)-benzoic acid | 196204-01-0 | C12H15NO2 |
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4-(哌啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(piperidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate | 205059-24-1 | C14H27N3O2 |
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4-(哌啶-1-甲基)苯甲醛 | 4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)benzaldehyde | 471929-86-9 | C13H17NO |
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4-(咪唑-1-基甲基)苯甲酸 | 4-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzoic acid | 94084-75-0 | C11H10N2O2 |
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4-(吡啶-2-基)噻唑-2-胺 | 4-pyridin-2-yl-thiazol-2-ylamine | 30235-26-8 | C8H7N3S |
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4-(吗啉甲基)苄胺 | (4-(morpholinemethyl)phenyl)methylamine | 91271-84-0 | C12H18N2O |
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4-(吗啉-4-羰基)溴苯 | (4-bromophenyl)(morpholino)methanone | 127580-92-1 | C11H12BrNO2 |
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4-(吗啉-4-基-苯氧基-磷酰)吗啉 | di-morpholin-4-yl-phosphinic acid phenyl ester | 4881-17-8 | C14H21N2O4P |
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4-(吗啉-4-基)-2-硝基苯甲酸 | 4-morpholin-4-yl-2-nitro-benzoic acid | 404010-98-6 | C11H12N2O5 |
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4-(叠氮甲基)苯甲酸 | 4-(azidomethyl)benzoic acid | 79584-03-5 | C8H7N3O2 |
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4-(叔丁氧羰基)苯甲 酸 | terephthalic acid mono-tert-butyl ester | 20576-82-3 | C12H14O4 |
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4-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)-6-[2-(8-羟基-2,6-二甲基-1,2,6,7,8,8a-六氢萘)-乙基]-四氢吡喃-2-酮 | (4R,6R)-6-[2-((1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthyl)ethyl]-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 79902-31-1 | C25H42O4Si |
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4-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)-2-丁酸甲酯 | methyl 4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)but-2-ynoate | 117968-51-1 | C11H20O3Si |
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4-(叔丁基)-2-碘苯酚 | 4-tert-butyl-2-iodophenol | 38941-98-9 | C10H13IO |
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4-(叔丁基)-2-硝基苯胺 | 4-tert-butyl-2-nitroaniline | 6310-19-6 | C10H14N2O2 |
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4-(反式-4-丙基环已基)苯腈 | 4-(4'-n-propyl-cyclohexyl)-cyanocyclohexane | 65355-35-3 | C16H27N |
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4-(反式,反式-4-丙基双环己基)-2,3-二氟乙氧基苯 | trans-4-propyl-trans-4'-(2,3-difluoroethoxyphenyl)-1,1'-bicyclohexyl | 123560-48-5 | C23H34F2O |
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4-(五氟硫代)苄基溴 | (4-(bromomethyl)phenyl)pentafluoro-λ<sup>6</sup>-sulfane | 1126969-29-6 | C7H6BrF5S |
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4-(二苯基羟甲基)苯甲酸 | 4-(diphenylhydroxymethyl)benzoic acid | 19672-49-2 | C20H16O3 |
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4-(二苄基氨基)环己酮 | 4-(dibenzylamino)cyclohexanone | 149506-79-6 | C20H23NO |
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4-(二甲胺基)苄腈 | 4-cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline | 1197-19-9 | C9H10N2 |
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4-(二甲氨基)邻羟苄基 | 4-dimethylamino-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde | 41602-56-6 | C9H11NO2 |
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4-(二甲氨基)三苯基膦 | 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)triphenylphosphine | 739-58-2 | C20H20NP |
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4-(二甲氨基)丁醛缩二乙醇 | 4,4-diethoxy-N,N-dimethyl-1-butanamine | 1116-77-4 | C10H23NO2 |
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4-(二甲基硫代氨基甲酰硫基)丁基二甲基氨基二硫代甲酸酯 | butane-1,4-diyl bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) | 10225-01-1 | C10H20N2S4 |
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4-(二甲基氨基)苯酚盐酸盐 | 4-(dimethylamino)phenol hydrochloride | 5882-48-4 | C8H11NO*ClH |
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4-(二甲基氨基)苯甲酰胺 | 4-(dimethylamino)benzamide | 6083-47-2 | C9H12N2O |
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4-(二甲基氨基)偶氮苯三氯锌酸盐 | 4-(Dimethylamino)benzenediazonium trichlorozincate(1-) | 6087-56-5 | C8H10Cl3N3Zn |
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4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸 | 4-dimethylamino-butyric acid | 693-11-8 | C6H13NO2 |
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4-(二氟甲氧基)苯酚 | 4-(difluoromethoxy)phenol | 87789-47-7 | C7H6F2O2 |
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4-(二氟甲氧基)苯腈 | 4-(difluoromethoxy)benzonitrile | 90446-25-6 | C8H5F2NO |
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4-(二氟甲氧基)苯甲醛 | 4-difluoromethoxybenzaldehyde | 73960-07-3 | C8H6F2O2 |
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4-(二氟甲氧基)-2-甲基苯胺 | 4-(difluoromethoxy)-2-methylaniline | 39211-57-9 | C8H9F2NO |
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4-(二氟甲基)苯胺 | 4-(difluoromethyl)aniline | 49658-26-6 | C7H7F2N |
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4-(二氟甲基)苯甲醛 | 4-(difluoromethyl)benzaldehyde | 55805-29-3 | C8H6F2O |
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4-(二氟甲基)-1-氟-2-硝基苯 | 4-(difluoromethyl)-1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene | 61324-89-8 | C7H4F3NO2 |
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4-(二氟亚甲基)-4,5-二氢-3H-吡唑 | 4-(difluoromethylene)-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrazole | 88766-66-9 | C4H4F2N2 |
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4-(二异丙基氨甲酰基)苯基硼酸 | (4-(diisopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl)boronic acid | 850568-33-1 | C13H20BNO3 |
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4-(二乙基氨基)偶氮苯 | p-diethylaminobenzenediazonium cation | 21906-90-1 | C10H14N3 |
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4-(二乙基氨基)-2-甲基偶氮苯四氟硼酸盐 | 4-(Diethylamino)-2-methylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate | 6098-53-9 | C11H16BF4N3 |
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4-(二丙胺基)苯甲醛 | 4-[N,N-bis(n-propyl)amino]benzaldehyde | 613-28-5 | C13H19NO |
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4-(乙酰氨基甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸酯 | 4-(acetamidomethyl)benzoic acid | 1205-58-9 | C10H11NO3 |
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