有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-氨基-2,3,5,6-四氟甲苯 | 4-CH3C6F4NH2 | 4127-63-3 | C7H5F4N |
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4-氨基-2,2:6,2-四吡啶 | 4'-amino-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine | 193944-66-0 | C15H12N4 |
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4-氨基-2'-硝基二苯胺-4'-磺酸 | 4'-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-4-sulphonic acid | 135-11-5 | C12H11N3O5S |
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4-氨基-1H-咪唑-5-羧酸乙酯 | 5-amino-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 21190-16-9 | C6H9N3O2 |
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4-氨基-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈 | 4-amino-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile | 68703-67-3 | C4H4N4 |
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4-氨基-1-金刚烷醇 | 4-aminoadamantan-1-ol | 75375-89-2 | C10H17NO |
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4-氨基-1-苄基哌啶 | 4-amino-1-benzylpiperidin | 50541-93-0 | C12H18N2 |
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4-氨基-1-苄基吡咯烷-2-酮盐酸盐 | 1-benzyl-4(S)-amino-2-pyrrolidinone hydrochloride | 478832-05-2 | C11H14N2O*ClH |
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4-氨基-1-甲基-3-正丙基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酰胺 | 4-amino-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide | 139756-02-8 | C8H14N4O |
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4-氨基-1-甲基-3-丙基吡唑-5-甲酰胺盐酸盐 | 4-amino-1-methyl-3-n-propylpyrazole-5-carboxamide hydrochloride | 247584-10-7 | C8H14N4O*ClH |
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4-氨基-1-甲基-1H-咪唑-5-甲腈 | 4-amino-5-cyano-1-methyl-1H-imidazole | 40637-80-7 | C5H6N4 |
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4-氨基-1-{5-O-[二(4-甲氧基苯基)(苯基)甲基]-2-脱氧呋喃戊糖基}-2(1H)-嘧啶酮 | 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)deoxycytidine | 76512-82-8 | C30H31N3O6 |
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4-氨基-1-[(2S)-2-羟基-3-(三苯基甲氧基)丙基]-2(1H)-嘧啶酮 | (S)-N-1-[(2-hydroxy-3-triphenylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine | 132336-30-2 | C26H25N3O3 |
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4-氨基-1-(4-甲氧基苯乙基)哌啶双盐酸盐 | 4-Amino-1-(4-methoxyphenethyl)piperidine dihydrochloride | 108555-25-5 | C14H24Cl2N2O |
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4-氨基-1-(4-C-叠氮基-2-脱氧-2-氟-beta-D-呋喃阿拉伯糖基)-2(1H)-嘧啶酮 | 4'-azido-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-D-arabinocytidine | 1011529-10-4 | C9H11FN6O4 |
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4-氨基-1-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-((叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基)-5-(( | 4-amino-1-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-fluorotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one | 1445379-90-7 | C32H45ClFN3O4Si2 |
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4-氨基-1,2,5-恶二唑-3-氯化甲醛肟 | 4-amino-N-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carbimidoyl chloride | 147085-13-0 | C3H3ClN4O2 |
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4-氨基-1,2,5-噁二唑-3-甲腈 | 4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carbonitrile | 156463-85-3 | C3H2N4O |
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4-氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑 | 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole | 584-13-4 | C2H4N4 |
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4-氨基-(1,2,5)-噻二唑-3-甲酸 | 4-amino-1,2,5-thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid | 2829-58-5 | C3H3N3O2S |
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4-氧杂-4,5,6,7-四氢苯并[B]呋喃-3-羧酸 | 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4-oxobenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 56671-28-4 | C9H8O4 |
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4-氧基-苯氨基-2-巴豆酸 | N-phenylmaleamic acid | 555-59-9 | C10H9NO3 |
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4-氧代环己烷磺酰氯 | 4-oxocyclohexane-1-sulfonyl chloride | 1262409-43-7 | C6H9ClO3S |
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4-氧代氧戊环-3-甲腈 | 4-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbonitrile | 856945-68-1 | C5H5NO2 |
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4-氧代八氢-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-oxooctahydro-1H-indole-1-carboxylate | 1332584-12-9 | C13H21NO3 |
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4-氧代-4-芘-1-基丁酸 | γ-oxo-1-pyrenebutyric acid | 7499-60-7 | C20H14O3 |
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4-氧代-4-[(苯磺酰基)氨基]-丁酸 | 3-[(benzenesulfonyl)carbamoyl]propanoic acid | 100462-43-9 | C10H11NO5S |
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4-氧代-3-苯基-2-硫酮咪唑烷-1-乙酸 | (4-oxo-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-1-yl)-acetic acid | 62609-86-3 | C11H10N2O3S |
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4-氟间苯二氰 | 2,4-dicyano-1-fluorobenzene | 13519-90-9 | C8H3FN2 |
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4-氟邻苯二甲酸 | 4-fluorophthalic acid | 320-97-8 | C8H5FO4 |
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4-氟苯酚 | 4-Fluorophenol | 371-41-5 | C6H5FO |
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4-氟苯胺盐酸盐 | p-fluoroaniline hydrochloride | 2146-07-8 | C6H7FN*Cl |
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4-氟苯胺 | 4-fluoroaniline | 371-40-4 | C6H6FN |
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4-氟苯肼盐酸盐 | 4-fluorophenyhydrazine hydrochloride | 823-85-8 | C6H8FN2*Cl |
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4-氟苯肼 | 4-fluorophenylhydrazine | 371-14-2 | C6H7FN2 |
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4-氟苯磺酰胺 | 4-fluorophenylsulphonamide | 402-46-0 | C6H6FNO2S |
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4-氟苯磺酰氯 | 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride | 368-85-4 | C6H4F2O2S |
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4-氟苯磺酰基乙腈 | 2-((4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)acetonitrile | 32083-66-2 | C8H6FNO2S |
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4-氟苯硼酸酐 | tris(4-fluorophenyl)boroxine | 448-59-9 | C18H12B3F3O3 |
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4-氟苯硼酸 | 4-fluoroboronic acid | 1765-93-1 | C6H6BFO2 |
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4-氟苯甲酸酐 | 4-fluorobenzoic anhydride | 25569-77-1 | C14H8F2O3 |
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4-氟苯甲酰胺肟 | 4-fluoro-benzamidoxime | 22179-78-8 | C7H7FN2O |
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4-氟苯甲酰肼 | 4-fluorobenzoyl hydrazide | 456-06-4 | C7H7FN2O |
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4-氟苯甲酰基乙腈 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-oxopropionitrile | 4640-67-9 | C9H6FNO |
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4-氟苯氧基醋酸肼 | 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid hydrazide | 1737-62-8 | C8H9FN2O2 |
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4-氟苯基醋酸酯 | 4-fluorophenyl acetate | 405-51-6 | C8H7FO2 |
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4-氟苯基溴化镁 | 4-Fluorophenylmagnesium bromide | 352-13-6 | C6H4BrFMg |
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4-氟苯基乙酸甲酯 | 4-fluorobenzeneacetic acid methyl ester | 34837-84-8 | C9H9FO2 |
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4-氟苯基乙基异腈 | 1-fluoro-4-(2-isocyanoethyl)benzene | 244221-04-3 | C9H8FN |
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4-氟苯亚甲基氯 | 4-fluorobenzal chloride | 456-19-9 | C7H5Cl2F |
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