有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-(4-氯-6-(2-(二氟甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)吗啉 | 4-(4-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)morpholine | 475111-38-7 | C15H13ClF2N6O |
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4-(4-氯-3-硝基苯基)-3-甲基-4-氧代丁酸 | 3-methyl-4-oxo-4-(3'-nitro-4'-chloro-phenyl)-butyric acid | 85633-96-1 | C11H10ClNO5 |
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4-(4-氨基苯氧基)-1-哌啶甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(4-aminophenoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 138227-63-1 | C16H24N2O3 |
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4-(4-氨基苯基)-哌啶 | 4-(piperidin-4-yl)aniline | 113310-52-4 | C11H16N2 |
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4-(4-氨基苯基)-3-甲基-4-氧代丁酸盐酸盐 | 3-(4-aminobenzoyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride | 120757-13-3 | C11H13NO3*ClH |
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4-(4-氨基苯基)-3-甲基-4-氧代丁酸 | 3-methyl-4-oxo-4-(p-amino)phenylbutyriic acid | 42075-29-6 | C11H13NO3 |
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4-(4-氨基-5-异丙氧基-2-甲基苯基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(4-amino-5-isopropoxy-2-methylphenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 1032903-63-1 | C20H32N2O3 |
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4-(4-氨基-1H-吡唑-1-基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(4-amino-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 1029413-55-5 | C13H22N4O2 |
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4-(4-氧代丁基)苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 4-(4-oxobutyl)benzoate | 106200-41-3 | C12H14O3 |
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4-(4-氟苯氧基)苯酚 | 4-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenol | 1524-19-2 | C12H9FO2 |
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4-(4-氟苯氧基)苯腈 | 4-(4-fluorophenoxy)benzonitrile | 215589-24-5 | C13H8FNO |
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4-(4-氟苯氧基)苯胺 | 4-(4-fluorophenoxy)aniline | 36160-82-4 | C12H10FNO |
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4-(4-氟苯氧基)苯甲酸 | 4-(4-fluorophenoxy)benzoic acid | 129623-61-6 | C13H9FO3 |
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4-(4-氟苯基)苯腈 | 4-cyano-4'-fluorobiphenyl | 10540-31-5 | C13H8FN |
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4-(4-氟苯基)哌啶盐酸盐 | 4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidine hydrochloride | 6716-98-9 | C11H14FN*ClH |
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4-(4-氟苯基)哌啶-2,6-二酮 | 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-piperidinedione | 163631-01-4 | C11H10FNO2 |
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4-(4-氟苯基)哌啶 | 4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidine | 37656-48-7 | C11H14FN |
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4-(4-氟苯基)丁酸 | 4-(4-fluorophenyl)butanoic acid | 589-06-0 | C10H11FO2 |
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4-(4-氟苯基)-哌啶-4-醇盐酸盐 | 4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-ol | 3888-65-1 | C11H14FNO |
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4-(4-氟苯基)-2-甲基-1,3-噻唑 | 1-p-tosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline | 5761-64-8 | C15H16N2O2S |
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4-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑 | 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole | 204384-26-9 | C9H7FN2 |
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4-(4-戊基环己基)苯硼酸 | 4-(4-n-pentylcyclohexyl)benzeneboronic acid | 136321-96-5 | C17H27BO2 |
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4-(4-吗啉基羰基)苯基三氟硼酸钾 | 3-(piperidin-4-yloxy)benzonitrile hydrochloride | 950649-07-7 | C12H14N2O*ClH |
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4-(4-吗啉基)苯胺 | 4-morpholino-4-yl-phenylamine | 2524-67-6 | C10H14N2O |
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4-(4-吗啉基)苄醇 | (4-morpholinophenyl)methanol | 280556-71-0 | C11H15NO2 |
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4-(4-吗啉基)丁酸盐酸盐 | γ-morpholino-butyric acid hydrochloride | 39493-84-0 | C8H15NO3*ClH |
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4-(4-吗啉基)-1-哌啶羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-morpholinopiperidine-1-carboxylate | 125541-20-0 | C14H26N2O3 |
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4-(4-吗啉)-1-丁醇 | 4-morpholin-4-yl-butan-1-ol | 5835-79-0 | C8H17NO2 |
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4-(4-二苯并呋喃)苯胺 | 4-(dibenzofuran-4-yl)aniline | 578027-21-1 | C18H13NO |
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4-(4-二甲胺基-1-对氟苯基-1-羟基丁基)-3-(羟甲基)苯腈 | 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-hydroxybutyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)benzonitrile | 103146-25-4 | C20H23FN2O2 |
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4-(4-二甲氨基苯基偶氮)苯甲酸 | p-methyl red | 201858-51-7 | C15H15N3O2 |
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4-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基)苯甲醇 | [4-(4-ethylpiperazinyl)phenyl]methan-1-ol | 402745-30-6 | C13H20N2O |
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4-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯甲醛 | 4-(4-Trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzaldehyde | 90035-20-4 | C14H9F3O2 |
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4-(4-丁基苯基偶氮)苯酚 | 4-[(4-butylphenyl)diazenyl]phenol | 2496-21-1 | C16H18N2O |
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4-(4-Boc-哌嗪-1-基)-3-氟苯胺 | tert-butyl 4-(4-amino-2-fluorophenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate | 154590-35-9 | C15H22FN3O2 |
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4-(4-(丙烯酰氧基)丁氧基)苯甲酸 | 4-[4-(acryloyloxy)butoxy]benzoic acid | 69260-42-0 | C14H16O5 |
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4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)吗啉 | 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-morpholine | 241483-00-1 | C9H14N4O3 |
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4-(4,6-二吗啡啉-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)苯胺 | 4-(4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aniline | 1197159-91-3 | C17H22N6O2 |
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4-(4,4-二甲基-3-氧代-1-吡唑烷基)苯甲酸 | 4-(4,4-Dimethyl-3-oxo-pyrazolidin-1-YL)-benzoic acid | 107144-30-9 | C12H14N2O3 |
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4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxylate | 1401165-14-7 | C15H26BNO4 |
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4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑 | 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole | 1088118-97-1 | C12H15BN2O2S |
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4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)-3-环己烯-1-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate | 151075-20-6 | C14H23BO4 |
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4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二噁硼烷-2-基)-1,2-苯二胺 | 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine | 851883-08-4 | C12H19BN2O2 |
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4-(3-羟丙基)吗啉 | 3-morpholin-4-ylpropan-1-ol | 4441-30-9 | C7H15NO2 |
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4-(3-甲氧基苄基)哌啶盐酸盐(1:1) | 4-(3-methoxybenzyl)piperidine hydrochloride | 149986-58-3 | C13H19NO*ClH |
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4-(3-甲氧基-4-硝基苯基)吗啉 | 4-(3-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)morpholine | 6950-88-5 | C11H14N2O4 |
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4-(3-溴苯基)噻唑-2-胺 | 4-(3-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-amine | 105512-81-0 | C9H7BrN2S |
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4-(3-溴苯基)-二苯并呋喃 | 4-(3-bromophenyl)dibenzofuran | 887944-90-3 | C18H11BrO |
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4-(3-氯苯基)吗啉 | 4-(3-chlorophenyl)morpholine | 41605-90-7 | C10H12ClNO |
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4-(3-氯苯基)-2-氨基噻唑 | 4-(3-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-amine | 90533-23-6 | C9H7ClN2S |
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