有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
4-(3,6-二-叔丁基-9H-咔唑-9-基)苯胺 | 4-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)aniline | 255829-30-2 | C26H30N2 |
|
4-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)苯甲酸 | 4-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoic acid | 185252-69-1 | C12H12N2O2 |
|
4-(3,5-二氟苯基)环己酮 | 4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)cyclohexanone | 156265-95-1 | C12H12F2O |
|
4-(3,4-二甲氧苯基)丁酸 | 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butanoic acid | 13575-74-1 | C12H16O4 |
|
4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-4-氧代丁酸 | 3-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-propionic acid | 50597-19-8 | C10H8Cl2O3 |
|
4-(3,4-二氟苯氧基)苯甲醛 | 4-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)benzaldehyde | 486449-90-5 | C13H8F2O2 |
|
4-(3,3-二氟吡咯烷-1-基)哌啶双盐酸盐 | 4-(3,3-Difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)piperidine | 1061682-67-4 | C9H16F2N2 |
|
4-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-十三氟辛基硫代)苯酚 | 4-[2-(perfluorohexyl)ethylsulfanyl]phenol | 892155-19-0 | C14H9F13OS |
|
4-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)-4-氧代丁酸 | 4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid | 110931-77-6 | C10H8F2O3 |
|
4-(2H-1,2,3-噻唑-2-基)苯胺 | 4-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)aniline | 52708-34-6 | C8H8N4 |
|
4-(2-萘氨基)苯磺酸 | <i>N</i>-[2]naphthyl-sulfanilic acid | 859961-96-9 | C16H13NO3S |
|
4-(2-萘基)-N-苯基苯胺 | 4-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylaniline | 897671-79-3 | C22H17N |
|
4-(2-萘)-4-氧丁酸 | 4-(2-naphthyl)-4-oxobutyric acid | 1590-22-3 | C14H12O3 |
|
4-(2-苯基苯甲酰胺基)苯甲酸 | ethyl 4-(2-phenylbenzoyl)aminobenzoic acid | 168626-74-2 | C20H15NO3 |
|
4-(2-苯基乙炔)-苯胺 | 4-phenylethynylphenylamine | 1849-25-8 | C14H11N |
|
4-(2-肼基嘧啶-4-基)吗啉 | 4-(2-hydrazinylpyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine | 908141-95-7 | C8H13N5O |
|
4-(2-肼基乙基)啉二盐酸盐 | 4-(2-Hydrazinylethyl)morpholine dihydrochloride | 874-82-8 | C6H17Cl2N3O |
|
4-(2-羟基甲基)-1-哌嗪羧酸, 1,1-二甲基乙酯 | tert-butyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate | 239066-69-4 | C10H20N2O3 |
|
4-(2-羟基乙基)苯甲醛 | 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzaldehyde | 163164-47-4 | C9H10O2 |
|
4-(2-碘代乙基)辛基苯 | 1-(2-iodoethyl)-4-octylbenzene | 162358-07-8 | C16H25I |
|
4-(2-硝基丁基)吗啉 | 4-(2-nitrobutyl)morpholine | 2224-44-4 | C8H16N2O3 |
|
4-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌啶 | 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperidine | 58333-75-8 | C12H17NO |
|
4-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)苯胺 | 4-(2-methoxyethoxy)aniline | 33311-29-4 | C9H13NO2 |
|
4-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯酚 | 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenol | 56718-71-9 | C9H12O2 |
|
4-(2-甲氧基乙基)吗啉 | 4-(2-methoxyethyl)morpholine | 10220-23-2 | C7H15NO2 |
|
4-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-丁酸 | 4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-butanoic acid | 33209-75-5 | C11H14O3 |
|
4-(2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯基)-4-氧代丁酸 | methyl 4-(2-hydroxymethyl-5-ethylphenyl)-4-carbonylbutanoate | 55007-22-2 | C12H14O4 |
|
4-(2-甲基苯甲酰胺基)苯甲酸 | 4-[(2-Methylbenzoyl)amino]benzoic acid | 108166-22-9 | C15H13NO3 |
|
4-(2-甲基氨基乙基)-苯胺 | 4-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)aniline | 32868-32-9 | C9H14N2 |
|
4-(2-甲基咪唑-1-甲基)苯胺 | 4-(2-methyl-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-phenylamine | 772311-98-5 | C11H13N3 |
|
4-(2-甲基咪唑-1-基)-2,2-二苯基丁腈 | 4-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile | 214777-43-2 | C20H19N3 |
|
4-(2-甲基-2-丙基)-1H-吡咯-2-甲醛 | 4-tert-butylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde | 156245-57-7 | C9H13NO |
|
4-(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)苯胺 | 4-(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)aniline | 74852-81-6 | C10H11N3 |
|
4-(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)甲基苯甲酸 | 4-(2-Methyl-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-benzoic acid | 192637-18-6 | C12H12N2O2 |
|
4-(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-苯甲酸 | 4-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid | 101184-11-6 | C11H10N2O2 |
|
4-(2-甲基-1H-咪唑)苄胺 | (4-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanamine | 883291-45-0 | C11H13N3 |
|
4-(2-甲基-1-咪唑)-苯甲醛 | 4-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde | 88427-96-7 | C11H10N2O |
|
4-(2-环氧乙烷基甲氧基)苯乙腈 | 1-(4'-Cyanomethylphenoxy)-2,3-epoxypropane | 35198-42-6 | C11H11NO2 |
|
4-(2-环氧乙烷基甲氧基)丁基丙烯酸酯 | 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidyl ether | 119692-59-0 | C10H16O4 |
|
4-(2-烯丙基)-邻苯二酚 | 3,4-dihydroxystyrene | 6053-02-7 | C8H8O2 |
|
4-(2-溴苯基)-2-氨基噻唑 | 4-(2-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-amine | 103965-99-7 | C9H7BrN2S |
|
4-(2-溴乙酰基)苯甲酸 | 4-(2-bromoacetyl)benzoic acid | 20099-90-5 | C9H7BrO3 |
|
4-(2-溴乙酰基)哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(2-bromoacetyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate | 112257-12-2 | C11H19BrN2O3 |
|
4-(2-溴乙氧基)苯酚 | 4-(2-bromoethoxy)-phenol | 31406-95-8 | C8H9BrO2 |
|
4-(2-溴乙氧基)苯甲醛 | 4-(2-bromoethyloxy)benzaldehyde | 52191-15-8 | C9H9BrO2 |
|
4-(2-溴乙基)苯甲酸 | 4-(2-bromoethyl)benzoic acid | 52062-92-7 | C9H9BrO2 |
|
4-(2-溴乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(2-bromoethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 169457-73-2 | C12H22BrNO2 |
|
4-(2-溴丙基)-1-哌嗪羧酸-1,1-二甲基乙酯 | tert-butyl 4-(3-bromopropyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate | 655225-02-8 | C12H23BrN2O2 |
|
4-(2-溴-4-硝基苯基)吗啉 | 4-(2-bromo-4-nitrophenyl)morpholine | 477846-96-1 | C10H11BrN2O3 |
|
4-(2-氯苯氧基 )哌啶 | 4-(2-chlorophenoxy)piperidine | 245057-65-2 | C11H14ClNO |
|