有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-(2-氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-6-甲基-2-硫代-5-嘧啶羧酸乙酯 | 4-(2-chloro-phenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 301359-45-5 | C14H15ClN2O2S |
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4-(2-氯乙酰氨基)苯基砷酸 | 4-Chloracetamido-phenylarsonsaeure | 5425-62-7 | C8H9AsClNO4 |
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4-(2-氯乙酰氨基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基自由基 | 4-(2-chloroacetamido)-2',2',6',6',tetramethylpiperidine-1'-oxyl | 36775-23-2 | C11H20ClN2O2 |
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4-(2-氯乙基)苯甲酸 | 4-(2-chloroethyl)benzoic acid | 20849-78-9 | C9H9ClO2 |
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4-(2-氯乙基)-1-(三苯基甲基)-1H-咪唑 | 4-(2-chloroethyl)-1-tritylimidazole | 132287-55-9 | C24H21ClN2 |
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4-(2-氯-6-甲基嘧啶-4-基)吗啉 | 4-(2-chloro-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)morpholine | 52026-43-4 | C9H12ClN3O |
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4-(2-氯-4-吡啶)- 1- 哌嗪羧酸 1,1-二甲基乙酯 | tert-butyl 4-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate | 633283-63-3 | C14H20ClN3O2 |
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4-(2-氯-4,6-二硝基苯基)偶氮萘-1-胺 | 4-((2-Chloro-4,6-dinitrophenyl)azo)naphthalen-1-amine | 3321-49-1 | C16H10ClN5O4 |
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4-(2-氯-1,1,2-三氟乙氧基)苯胺 | 4-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-chloroethoxy)aniline | 403-61-2 | C8H7ClF3NO |
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4-(2-氨基吡啶-3-基氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-((2-aminopyridin-3-yl)amino)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 781649-86-3 | C15H24N4O2 |
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4-(2-氨基乙氧基)-3-甲氧基苯酚 | 4-(2-Aminoethoxy)-3-methoxyphenol | 1076198-80-5 | C9H13NO3 |
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4-(2-氨基-4-噻唑基)苯酚 | 4-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)phenol | 57634-55-6 | C9H8N2OS |
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4-(2-氨基-2-甲基丙基)苯酚 | 4-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)phenol | 51706-55-9 | C10H15NO |
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4-(2-氨基-1,3-噻唑-4-基)苯腈 | 4-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)benzonitrile | 436151-85-8 | C10H7N3S |
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4-(2-氨乙基)苯磺酰胺 | 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonamide | 35303-76-5 | C8H12N2O2S |
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4-(2-氧代乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(formylmethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 142374-19-4 | C12H21NO3 |
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4-(2-氧代-2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙氧基)-苯甲醛 | 4-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)benzaldehyde | 438229-79-9 | C13H15NO3 |
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4-(2-氧代-1-吡咯烷基)苯硼酸频哪醇酯 | 1-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidin-2-one | 1003309-09-8 | C16H22BNO3 |
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4-(2-氟苯基)-1H-吡咯-3-甲腈 | 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile | 103418-03-7 | C11H7FN2 |
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4-(2-氟苯基)-1,1,1-三氟-2,4-丁二酮 | 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-fluorophenyl)butane-1,3-dione | 111102-82-0 | C10H6F4O2 |
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4-(2-氟-4-硝基苯基)吗啉 | 3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)nitrobenzene | 2689-39-6 | C10H11FN2O3 |
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4-(2-氟-4-溴苯基)吗啉 | 4-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)morpholine | 513068-89-8 | C10H11BrFNO |
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4-(2-四氢-2H-吡喃氧代)苯基溴化镁 | Magnesium bromide 4-[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]benzen-1-ide (1/1/1) | 36637-44-2 | C11H13BrMgO2 |
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4-(2-哌啶乙氧基)苯甲酸盐酸盐 | 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzoyl chloride | 166975-76-4 | C14H18ClNO2 |
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4-(2-哌啶-1-乙氧基)苯甲醛 | 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzaldehyde | 26815-04-3 | C14H19NO2 |
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4-(2-咪唑基)苯甲酸 | 4-(1H-Imidazol-2-yl)-benzoic acid | 108035-45-6 | C10H8N2O2 |
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4-(2-呋喃并yl氨基)苯甲酸 | 4-(furan-2-carboxamido)benzoic acid | 5768-34-3 | C12H9NO4 |
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4-(2-呋喃基)-3-丁烯-2-酮 | 4-(furan-2-yl)but-3-en-2-one | 623-15-4 | C8H8O2 |
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4-(2-呋喃)苯胺 | 4-(furan-2-yl)aniline | 59147-02-3 | C10H9NO |
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4-(2-呋喃)-苯甲醇 | (4-(furan-2-yl)phenyl)methanol | 17920-85-3 | C11H10O2 |
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4-(2-二甲基氨基-1-羟基乙基)苯-1,2-二醇 | N-Methylepinephrine | 554-99-4 | C10H15NO3 |
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4-(2-乙氨基)苯甲酸甲酯盐酸盐 | methyl 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzoate hydrochloride | 56161-89-8 | C10H13NO2*ClH |
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4-(2-丙烯醛基氧基乙基-1-氧基)-苯甲酸 | 4-(2-acryloyloxyethoxy)benzoic acid | 69260-38-4 | C12H12O5 |
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4-(2-Boc-氨基乙基)苯甲酸 | 4-[2-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)ethyl]benzoic acid | 132690-91-6 | C14H19NO4 |
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4-(2-(氮杂环庚烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯甲醛 | 4-(2-(azepan-1-yl)ethoxy)benzaldehyde | 223251-09-0 | C15H21NO2 |
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4-(2-(4-硝基苯氧基)乙基)吗啉 | 4-[2-(4-nitrophenoxy)ethyl]morpholine | 65300-53-0 | C12H16N2O4 |
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4-(2-(1H-咪唑-2-基)苯基)吡啶 | 2-[2-(pyrid-4-yl)phenyl]imidazole | 608515-26-0 | C14H11N3 |
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4-(2-(1-哌啶)乙氧基)苯酚 | 4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenol | 100238-42-4 | C13H19NO2 |
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4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯胺 | 4-aminophenyl 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether | 41280-55-1 | C14H15NO |
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4-(2,6-二氯吡啶-4-基)吗啉 | 4-(2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)morpholine | 852333-60-9 | C9H10Cl2N2O |
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4-(2,5-二甲氧基苯基)丁酸 | 4-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)butyric acid | 1083-11-0 | C12H16O4 |
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4-(2,5-二甲基吡咯-1-基)苯甲酸 | 4-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzoic acid | 15898-26-7 | C13H13NO2 |
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4-(2,5-二氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1,2-二甲酸酐 | 4-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride | 13912-65-7 | C16H12O6 |
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4-(2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)苯磺酰胺 | <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-succinyl-sulfanilic acid amide | 5470-06-4 | C10H10N2O4S |
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4-(2,5-二氢-2,5-二氧代-1H-吡咯-1-基)-苯丁酸 | 4-N-Maleimidophenyl butanoic acid | 100072-54-6 | C14H13NO4 |
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4-(2,5-二乙氧基-4-硝基苯基)吗啉 | 4-Nitro-2,5-diethoxy-morpholinbenzen | 86-16-8 | C14H20N2O5 |
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4-(2,5-二丁氧基-4-硝基苯基)吗啉 | 4-(2,5-dibutoxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-morpholine | 86-15-7 | C18H28N2O5 |
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4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)苯酚 | 4-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)-phenol | 40843-73-0 | C12H8Cl2O2 |
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4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)丁酸钠 | 10433-59-7 | C10H10Cl2NaO3 |
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4-(2,4-二氟苯基)苯酚 | 4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-phenol | 59089-68-8 | C12H8F2O |
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