有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-[((1R)-1-氨乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | (R)-tert-butyl 4-(1-aminoethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 1036027-86-7 | C12H24N2O2 |
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4-N-苄氧羰基氨基环己酮 | benzyl N-(4-oxocyclohexyl)carbamate | 16801-63-1 | C14H17NO3 |
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4-N-羟乙基-2-硝基对苯二胺 | HCRed 7 | 24905-87-1 | C8H11N3O3 |
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4-N-甲基氨基苯乙酮 | 4-methylaminoacetophenone | 17687-47-7 | C9H11NO |
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4-N-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-氟苯硼酸 | (4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-fluorophenyl)boronic acid | 218301-87-2 | C11H15BFNO4 |
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4-N-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-氟苯甲醛 | (2-Fluoro-4-formyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 865450-09-5 | C12H14FNO3 |
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4-N-丁基氯苯 | 4-n-butylchlorobenzene | 15499-27-1 | C10H13Cl |
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4-Formamido苯甲酸 | 4-formamidobenzoic acid | 28533-43-9 | C8H7NO3 |
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4-Fmoc-3-羧基甲基吗啉 | 4-Fmoc-3-carboxymethyl-morpholine | 885273-95-0 | C21H21NO5 |
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4-CBZ-氨基苯基硼酸频哪醇酯 | [4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]carbamic acid phenylmethyl ester | 363186-06-5 | C20H24BNO4 |
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4-Boc-3-吗啉甲酸 | 4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)morpholine-3-carboxylic acid | 212650-43-6 | C10H17NO5 |
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4-Boc-2-(氨甲基)吗啉 | tert-butyl 2-(aminomethyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate | 140645-53-0 | C10H20N2O3 |
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4-BOC-2-氰基并哌啶 | tert-butyl 3-cyanopiperazine-1-carboxylate | 859518-35-7 | C10H17N3O2 |
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4-BOC-2-哌嗪羧胺 | tert-butyl 3-(aminocarbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate | 112257-24-6 | C10H19N3O3 |
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4-BOC-2,2-二甲基丁酸 | 4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid | 153039-17-9 | C11H21NO4 |
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4-3,5-二甲基-4H-1,2,4-三氮唑-4-哌啶 | 4-(3,5-dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazol-4-yl)-piperidine | 795310-52-0 | C9H16N4 |
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4-(金刚烷-1-氧基)-苯胺 | 4-(1-Adamantyloxy)aniline | 56714-39-7 | C16H21NO |
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4-(金刚烷-1-氧基)-苯甲酸 | 4-(1-adamantyloxy)benzoic acid | 56714-60-4 | C17H20O3 |
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4-(邻甲苯基偶氮)间甲苯胺 | 4-Amino-2.2'-dimethyl-azobenzol | 5014-86-8 | C14H15N3 |
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4-(萘-2-基)苯胺 | 4-(naphthalen-2-yl)aniline | 209848-36-2 | C16H13N |
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4-(苯甲酰基氨基)苯甲酸 | p-benzamidobenzoic acid | 582-80-9 | C14H11NO3 |
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4-(苯甲酰基氨基)丁酸 | 3-benzoylaminobutanoic acid | 35340-63-7 | C11H13NO3 |
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4-(苯甲酰基二氧基)-4-氧代丁酸 | 4-(benzoyldioxy)-4-oxobutyric acid | 10484-48-7 | C11H10O6 |
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4-(苯并[d][1,3]二氧代l-5-基氧基)苯甲醛 | 4-(3.4-Methylenedioxyphenoxy)-benzaldehyde | 169943-89-9 | C14H10O4 |
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4-(苯并[D]异恶唑-3-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯 | 3-(N-boc-piperidin-4-yl)benzisoxazole | 1198283-78-1 | C17H22N2O3 |
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4-(苯并[D]噻唑-2-基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 1373879-28-7 | C17H22N2O2S |
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4-(苯基胺基羰基)苯基三氟硼酸钾 | potassium 4-(phenylcarbamoyl)phenyl trifluoroborate | 912350-01-7 | C13H10BF3NO*K |
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4-(苯基磺酰基)苯胺 | 4-(phenylsulfonyl)aniline | 7019-01-4 | C12H11NO2S |
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4-(苯基甲基)-哌啶盐酸盐 | 4-benzylpiperidine hydrochloride | 23239-75-0 | C12H18N*Cl |
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4-(苯基氨基)苯甲醛 | 4-phenylaminobenzaldehyde | 100727-07-9 | C13H11NO |
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4-(苯乙炔基)苯甲醛 | 4-phenylethynylbenzaldehyde | 57341-98-7 | C15H10O |
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4-(苯乙炔基)苯甲酸 | 4-(phenylethynyl)benzoic acid | 25739-23-5 | C15H10O2 |
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4-(苄氧基)苯-1-磺酰氯 | p-benzyloxybenzenesulfonyl chloride | 87001-32-9 | C13H11ClO3S |
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4-(苄氧基)环已酮 | 4-benzoyloxycyclohexanone | 23510-95-4 | C13H14O3 |
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4-(苄氧基)-N,N-二甲基-吲哚-3-乙醛酰胺 | 2-(4-(benzyloxy)-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoacetamide | 52061-51-5 | C19H18N2O3 |
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4-(苄氧基)-3-溴苯甲醛 | 4-benzyloxy-3-bromobenzaldehyde | 69455-12-5 | C14H11BrO2 |
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4-(苄氧基)-3-氯苯甲醛 | 4-benzyloxy-3-chlorobenzaldehyde | 66422-84-2 | C14H11ClO2 |
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4-(苄氧基)-3-氟苯胺 | 4-(benzyloxy)-3-fluoroaniline | 168268-00-6 | C13H12FNO |
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4-(苄氧基)-2-甲基苯胺 | 4-(benzyloxy)-2-methylaniline | 4792-60-3 | C14H15NO |
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4-(苄氧基)-2-甲基苯甲酸 | 4-Carboxy-3-methylphenylbenzylether | 17819-91-9 | C15H14O3 |
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4-(苄氧基)-2-氯烟酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-(benzyloxy)-2-chloronicotinate | 1262132-93-3 | C17H18ClNO3 |
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4-(苄氧基)-2,3-二氟苯甲酸 | 4-(benzyloxy)-2,3-difluorobenzoic acid | 144292-54-6 | C14H10F2O3 |
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4-(羟甲基)苯醋酸 | 4-hydroxymethylphenylacetic acid | 73401-74-8 | C9H10O3 |
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4-(羟甲基)环己醇 | 4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanol | 33893-85-5 | C7H14O2 |
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4-(羟甲基)咪唑 | (1H-imidazol-4-yl)methanol | 822-55-9 | C4H6N2O |
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4-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-羧酸 | 4-(hydroxymethyl)picolinic acid | 923169-37-3 | C7H7NO3 |
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4-(羟甲基)双环[2.2.2]辛烷-1-醇 | 4-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo(2.2.2)octan-1-ol | 72948-89-1 | C9H16O2 |
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4-(羟甲基)-4-哌啶醇盐酸盐(1:1) | 4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-4-ol hydrochloride | 240401-25-6 | C6H13NO2*ClH |
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4-(羟基甲基)苯乙酸甲酯 | methyl 2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)acetate | 155380-11-3 | C10H12O3 |
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4-(羟基甲基)-N,N-二甲基苯甲酰胺 | 4-(hydroxymethyl)-N,N-dimethylbenzamide | 60519-03-1 | C10H13NO2 |
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