有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4'-氟-2'-甲氧基-5'-异丙基-4-(三氟甲基)-联苯-2-甲醇 | (4'-fluoro-5'-isopropyl-2'-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)methanol | 875548-97-3 | C18H18F4O2 |
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4'-乙酰氨基-2'-甲基苯乙酮 | N-(4-acetyl-3-methylphenyl)acetamide | 34956-31-5 | C11H13NO2 |
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4'-乙基-4-氰基联苯 | 4-ethyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl | 58743-75-2 | C15H13N |
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4'-(咪唑-1-基)苯腈 | 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzonitrile | 25372-03-6 | C10H7N3 |
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4'-(二苯胺)-[1,1'-联苯]-4-甲醛 | 4'-(diphenylamino)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbaldehyde | 133878-93-0 | C25H19NO |
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4'-(二([1,1'-联苯]-4-基)氨基)-[1,1'-联苯]-4-甲醛 | 4-(di([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)benzaldehyde | 159946-81-3 | C31H23NO |
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4',5'-亚甲基二氧-2'-硝基苯乙酮 | 4',5'-methylenedioxy-2'-nitroacetophenone | 56136-84-6 | C9H7NO5 |
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4',4''-二氯-N,N,N',N'-四苯基-1,4-苯二胺 | N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine | 113703-66-5 | C30H22Cl2N2 |
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4',4'''-偶氮二联苯-4-羧酸 | 4,4'-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)azobenzene | 148-85-6 | C26H18N2O4 |
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4 4'-二溴八氟联苯 | 4,4'-dibromooctafluorobiphenyl | 10386-84-2 | C12Br2F8 |
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4 -溴- 2 - 碘苯甲胺 | 4-bromo-2-iodoaniline | 66416-72-6 | C6H5BrIN |
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4 -异丁基- 2 -吡咯烷酮 | 4-isobutyl-2-pyrrolidinone | 61312-87-6 | C8H15NO |
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4 -(4,5-二苯-2-咪唑基)苯酚 4-(4,5-二苯基-1H-咪唑-2-基)苯酚 | 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole | 1752-94-9 | C21H16N2O |
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4 -(2甲基4噻唑基)苯酚 | 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylthiazole | 30686-73-8 | C10H9NOS |
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4 - 羟基百菌清 | 1,3-dicyano-4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichlorobenzene | 28343-61-5 | C8HCl3N2O |
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4 - (吡啶- 3 -基)-4-氧代丁酸盐酸盐 | 4-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-yl)butanoic acid | 4192-31-8 | C9H9NO3 |
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3羟基-4-硝基联苯 | 4-phenyl-2-nitrophenol | 885-82-5 | C12H9NO3 |
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3′-碘-4′-甲氧基苯乙酮 | 3-iodo-4-methoxyacetophenone | 79324-77-9 | C9H9IO2 |
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3’-氯甲基-4’-羟基苯乙酮 | 1-(3-chloromethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone | 24085-05-0 | C9H9ClO2 |
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3’-氯-4’-羟基苯乙酮 | 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-acetophenone | 2892-29-7 | C8H7ClO2 |
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3’,4-二氨基苯酰替苯胺 | 3,4'-Diaminobenzanilid | 2657-85-4 | C13H13N3O |
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3β-乙酰氧基-5β-雄甾烷-17-酮 | 3β-acetoxy-(5ξ)-androstan-17-one | 1098-12-0 | C21H32O3 |
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3beta-羟基-24-亚甲基-8-羊毛甾烯-21-酸 | eburicoic acid | 560-66-7 | C31H50O3 |
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3beta,5beta-二羟基开环屈螺酮醇 | 17α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-6β,7β;15β,16β-dimethylene-5β-androstane-3β,5,17β-triol | 82543-18-8 | C24H38O4 |
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3S,5S-二甲基吗啉 | (3S,5S)-3,5-dimethylmorpholine | 154634-96-5 | C6H13NO |
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3H-[1,2,3]三唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-7-醇 | 5-bromoquinolin-8-amine | 53472-18-7 | C9H7BrN2 |
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3H-1,2-苯并二硫醇-3-酮 | 3H-1,2-benzodithiol-3-one | 1677-27-6 | C7H4OS2 |
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3A,4,5,6,7,7A-六氢化-4,7-亚甲基-1H-茚酚丙酸酯 | 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indenyl propionate | 1637564-95-4 | C13H18O2 |
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3A,4,5,6,7,7A-六氢-4,7-亚甲基-1H-茚-6-基-2-甲基丙酸酯 | 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-inden-6-yl isobutyrate | 68039-39-4 | C14H20O2 |
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3A,4,5,6,7,7A-六氢-4,7-亚甲基-1H-茚-6-基-2-甲基丙酸酯 | 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-inden-5-yl isobutyrate | 67634-20-2 | C14H20O2 |
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37-氨基-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-十一氧杂-2-氮杂三十七烷酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (35-amino-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33-undecaoxapentatriacontyl)carbamate | 1233234-77-9 | C29H60N2O13 |
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35-二甲基苯基磷酰二氯 | dichlorophosphoric acid-(3,5-dimethyl-phenyl ester) | 775-08-6 | C8H9Cl2O2P |
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31-氨基-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29-九氧杂-2-氮杂三十一烷酸叔丁基酯 | tert-butyl (29-amino-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-nonaoxanonacosyl)carbamate | 890091-43-7 | C25H52N2O11 |
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3.5-叔丁基苯乙酸 | 3,5-di-tert-butylphenylacetic acid | 42288-54-0 | C16H24O2 |
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3.3.4.4-四氨基苯甲酮 | 3,3',4,4'-tetraaminobenzophenone | 5007-67-0 | C13H14N4O |
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3-(氟甲基)哌啶盐酸盐 | 3-(fluoromethyl)piperidine hydrochloride | 1241725-60-9 | C6H12FN*ClH |
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3-(二异丙基膦基)丙胺 | 3-(di-i-propylphosphino)propylamine | 1196147-69-9 | C9H22NP |
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3-(三氟甲氧基)苯乙酮 | 1-(3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)ethanone | 170141-63-6 | C9H7F3O2 |
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3-(3-吡啶基氨基甲酰基)氨基甲酸乙酯 | Ethyl 3-(3-Pyridinylcarbamoyl)carbazate | 1076198-11-2 | C9H12N4O3 |
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3-(3,3-二甲基烯丙基)-4-甲氧基-2-羟基喹啉 | atanine | 7282-19-1 | C15H17NO2 |
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3-降金刚烷碳酰氯 | 3-noradamantanecarboxylic acid chloride | 67064-09-9 | C10H13ClO |
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3-间甲苯氧基丙酸 | 3-<3-Methyl-phenoxy>-propionsaeure | 25173-36-8 | C10H12O3 |
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3-重氮-4-氧-3,4-二氢-1-萘磺酰氯 | 2-diazo-1-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonyl chloride | 36451-09-9 | C10H5ClN2O3S |
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3-醛基苯并呋喃 | 1-benzofuran-3-carbaldehyde | 4687-25-6 | C9H6O2 |
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3-醛基吲唑 | 1H-indazole-3-carboxaldehyde | 5235-10-9 | C8H6N2O |
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3-酮庚酸甲酯 | methyl 3-oxoheptanoate | 39815-78-6 | C8H14O3 |
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3-邻苯二甲酰亚胺丙醛 | 3-(N-phthaloyl)propionaldehyde | 2436-29-5 | C11H9NO3 |
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3-辛醇 | 3-Octanol | 589-98-0 | C8H18O |
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3-表齐墩果酸 | 3-epioleanolic acid | 25499-90-5 | C30H48O3 |
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3-萘-2-丙酸 | 3-(2-naphthyl)propionic acid | 21658-35-5 | C13H12O2 |
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