有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-丁基苯-1,2-二胺 | 4-n-butyl-1,2-phenylenediamine | 3663-23-8 | C10H16N2 |
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4-丁基溴化苄 | p-butylbenzylbromide | 10531-16-5 | C11H15Br |
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4-丁基吗啉 | N-butylmorpholine | 1005-67-0 | C8H17NO |
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4-丁基-4-联苯羧酸 | 4-(4-butylphenyl)benzoic acid | 59662-46-3 | C17H18O2 |
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4-丁基-2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚 | 4-butyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol | 5530-30-3 | C18H30O |
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4-{[(4-甲基苯基)磺酰基]氨基}丁酸 | 4-(tosylamino)butanoic acid | 1213-42-9 | C11H15NO4S |
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4-{4-[双(4-氟苯基)甲基]哌嗪-1-基}苯胺 | 4-{4-[bis-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-phenylamine | 914349-65-8 | C23H23F2N3 |
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4-n-丙氧基溴苯 | 1-bromo-4-propoxybenzene | 39969-56-7 | C9H11BrO |
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4-[吗啉-4-基(苯基)磷酰基]吗啉 | bis(morpholino)phenylphosphine oxide | 37624-67-2 | C14H21N2O3P |
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4-[反式-4-(反式-4-戊基环己基)环己基]-1,2-二氟苯 | 1-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)dihydrobenzene | 118164-51-5 | C23H34F2 |
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4-[反式-4-(反式-4-乙基环己基)环己基]-1-三氟甲氧基苯 | trifluoromethoxy-4-[trans-4-(trans4-ethylcyclohexyl)-cyclohexyl]benzene | 135734-59-7 | C21H29F3O |
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4-[双-(2-氯乙基)氨基]苯甲醛 | 4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)benzaldehyde | 1208-03-3 | C11H13Cl2NO |
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4-[三(4-氰基苯基)甲基]苯甲腈 | 4,4',4'',4'''-tetracyanotetraphenylcyanide | 121706-21-6 | C29H16N4 |
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4-[丁氧基(吗啉-4-基)磷酰基]吗啉 | di-morpholin-4-yl-phosphinic acid butyl ester | 5326-05-6 | C12H25N2O4P |
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4-[[叔丁氧酰胺]甲基]-苯酚 | tert-butyl (4-hydroxybenzyl)carbamate | 149505-94-2 | C12H17NO3 |
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4-[[6-[(1-氧代-2-丙烯基)氧基]己基]氧基]苯甲酸 4-甲氧基苯基酯 | 4-(6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy)benzoic acid 4-methoxyphenyl ester | 82200-53-1 | C23H26O6 |
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4-[[6-[(1-氧代-2-丙烯基)氧基]己基]氧基]-苯甲酸4-乙基苯基酯 | 4-[[6-[(1-Oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]hexyl]oxy]benzoic acid 4-ethylphenyl ester | 558467-39-3 | C24H28O5 |
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4-[[4-氯-6-异丙氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]氨基]苯磺酸钠 | Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-[[4-chloro-6-(1-methylethoxy)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-, monosodium salt | 68413-55-8 | C12H12ClN4NaO4S |
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4-[[4-[[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]偶氮]-2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯基]偶氮]苯酚 | Phenol, 4-[[4-[[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]azo]-2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl]azo]- | 10196-13-1 | C22H22N4O4 |
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4-[[4-[(3-氯-2-氟苯基)氨基]-7-甲氧基-6-喹唑啉基]氧基]-N-甲基-1-哌啶乙酰胺二富马酸盐 | Sapitinib difumurate | 1196531-39-1 | C31H33ClFN5O11 |
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4-[[4-(氨基羰基)苯基]偶氮]-3-羟基-N-(2-甲基苯基)萘-2-甲酰胺 | 4-((4-(Aminocarbonyl)phenyl)azo)-3-hydroxy-N-(2-methylphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide | 2972-58-9 | C25H20N4O3 |
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4-[[4-(二(环氧乙烷-2-基甲基)氨基)-3-乙基苯基]甲基]-2-乙基-N,N-二(环氧乙烷-2-基甲基)苯胺 | N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-4,4'-diamino-3,3'-diethyldiphenylmethane | 130728-76-6 | C29H38N2O4 |
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4-[[2-甲基-4-[(邻甲苯基)偶氮]苯基]偶氮]苯酚 | P-[[2-Methyl-4-[(O-tolyl)azo]phenyl]azo]phenol | 6300-42-1 | C20H18N4O |
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4-[[2,5-二甲氧基-4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]偶氮]苯酚 | Phenol, 4-[[2,5-dimethoxy-4-(phenylazo)phenyl]azo]- | 10000-42-7 | C20H18N4O3 |
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4-[[2,3-二氢-5,6-二甲氧基-2-(甲氧羰基)-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-基]甲基]-1-哌啶甲酸叔丁酯 | 1-t-BOC-[4-((5,6-dimethoxy-2-methoxycarbonylindan-1-on)-2yl)methyl]piperidine | 652130-41-1 | C24H33NO7 |
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4-[[(4-氟苯基)亚胺]甲基]-苯酚 | 4-[[(4-fluorophenyl)imino]methyl]phenol | 3382-63-6 | C13H10FNO |
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4-[N,N-双(4-溴苯基)氨基]苯甲醛 | N,N-bis(4-bromophenyl)aminobenzaldehyde | 25069-38-9 | C19H13Br2NO |
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4-[N,N-双(2-羟乙基)氨基]苯甲醛 | 4-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)benzaldehyde | 27913-86-6 | C11H15NO3 |
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4-[7-(4-羟基苯基)庚基]苯酚 | 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane | 3373-03-3 | C19H24O2 |
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4-[5-(4-甲基苯基)-3-三氟甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基]苯磺酰氯 | 4-(5-(p-tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonyl chloride | 190711-56-9 | C17H12ClF3N2O2S |
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4-[4-羟基-4-(Α,Α,Α-三氟甲苯)哌啶基] 丁酰基-4'-氟-苯盐酸盐 | Trifluperidol hydrochloride | 2062-77-3 | C22H23F4NO2*ClH |
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4-[4-[2-[4-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙-2-基]苯氧基]邻苯二甲酸 | 2,2-bis[4-(3',4'-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane | 38103-05-8 | C31H24O10 |
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4-[4-[(2-氯苯基)偶氮]-4,5-二氢-3-甲基-5-氧代-1H-吡唑-1-基]苯磺酸钠 | Sodium 4-(4-((2-chlorophenyl)azo)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulphonate | 10566-47-9 | C16H12ClN4O4S*Na |
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4-[4-(羟基甲基)-1-哌啶]噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶 | (1-Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-ylpiperid-4-yl)methanol | 910037-26-2 | C12H15N3OS |
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4-[4-(甲基硫代)苯氧基]-3-硝基三氟甲苯 | 4-[4-(Methylthio)phenoxy]-3-nitrobenzotrifluoride | 56191-23-2 | C14H10F3NO3S |
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4-[4-(二甲氨基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-1-羟丁基]-3-羟甲基苯腈盐酸盐 | citalopram diol hydrochloride | 717133-25-0 | C20H23FN2O2*ClH |
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4-[4-(二甲氨基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-1-羟丁基]-3-羟甲基苯腈氢溴酸盐 | 4-(4-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-hydroxybutyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)benzonitrile hydrobromide | 103146-26-5 | BrH*C20H23FN2O2 |
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4-[4-(二甲基氨基)苯基]-1,2,4-三唑烷-3,5-二酮 | 4-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione | 883455-55-8 | C10H12N4O2 |
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4-[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基]哌啶 | 4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)piperidine | 287952-67-4 | C12H14F3NO2 |
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4-[4-(2,5-二氧代吡咯-1-基)苯基]丁烷酰肼 | 4-N-maleimidophenyl butyric acid hydrazide | 143379-89-9 | C14H15N3O3 |
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4-[4-(1-{[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)羰基]氨基}乙基)-2-甲氧基-5-硝基苯氧基]丁酸 | 4-{4-[1-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy}butanoic acid | 162827-98-7 | C28H28N2O8 |
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4-[4,6-二(2,4-二甲苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基]-1,3-苯二醇 | 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine | 1668-53-7 | C25H23N3O2 |
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4-[3-羟基-3-苯基-3-(2-噻吩基)丙基]-4-甲基吗啉鎓硫酸甲酯盐 | tiemonium methylsulfate | 6504-57-0 | CH3O4S*C18H24NO2S |
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4-[3-甲基-5-氧代-4-[(4-氧代-1-环己-2,5-二烯亚基)甲基]-2H-吡唑-1-基]苯甲酸 | 1-(p-Carboxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-pyrazolin-5-one | 77666-73-0 | C18H14N2O4 |
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4-[3-(三氟甲基)-3H-双吖丙啶-3-基]苯酚 | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-trifluoromethyldiazirine | 156824-51-0 | C8H5F3N2O |
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4-[3-(三氟甲基)-3H-双吖丙啶-3-基]苄醇 | (4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)phenyl)methanol | 87736-88-7 | C9H7F3N2O |
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4-[3-(三氟甲基)-3H-二氮杂环丙烯-3-基]苯甲胺盐酸盐 | 4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzylamine hydrochloride | 1258874-29-1 | C9H8F3N3*ClH |
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4-[3-(4-羟基苯基)-4,4-二甲基-5-氧代-2-硫代咪唑烷-1-基]-2-三氟甲基苯甲腈 | 4-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile | 915086-32-7 | C19H14F3N3O2S |
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4-[3-(4-羟基丁基)-4,4-二甲基-2,5-二氧代-1-咪唑烷基]-2-(三氟甲基)苯腈 | 4-[3-(4-hydroxybutyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile | 154992-24-2 | C17H18F3N3O3 |
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4-[2-羟基-3-[(1-甲基乙基)亚硝基氨基]丙氧基]苯乙酰胺 | N-nitrosoatenolol | 134720-04-0 | C14H21N3O4 |
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