香豆素(Coumarin)是一类具有独特芳香气味的化合物,化学式为C9H6O2。它们属于苯骈α-呋喃酮类化合物,在自然界中广泛存在。
结构特征香豆素的基本结构由苯环和呋喃酮构成,其中苯环与四个碳原子相连的呋喃酮单元形成独特的“香豆素环”。
自然来源香豆素存在于多种植物、真菌及动物体内。在植物界中,它主要作为天然防御机制的一部分,用作对昆虫的化学信号。著名的例子包括:天竺葵科(如紫花苜蓿)、唇形科(如薄荷)和芸香科(如柑橘属果实)。此外,在真菌、苔藓及藻类中也有发现。
化学性质 稳定性由于其独特的结构,香豆素表现出良好的化学稳定性。它们不易被氧化或还原,但可以与其他化合物发生多种类型的反应,包括缩合、取代等。
生物活性许多香豆素衍生物具有生物活性,能够引起抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用。这些特性使它们成为医药、食品添加剂等多个领域的重要研究对象。
应用领域 医药行业在制药业中,某些结构类似物被开发为药物先导化合物。例如,香豆素类抗生素是最早的广谱抗生素之一;一些香豆素衍生物还表现出抗癌潜力。
食品工业由于其独特的香气和味道,在食品加工中也得到了广泛应用,常作为香精成分使用。
其他应用此外,它们还在染料生产、农药开发等多个领域展现出潜在价值。
生产方法香豆素可通过多种合成路径获得。传统的化学合成涉及从苯甲醛出发的反应;而近年来,通过生物转化技术,利用微生物发酵过程制备天然香豆素也成为一种可持续的方法。
总之,香豆素因其独特的结构和广泛的生物学应用,在多个领域中发挥着重要作用,并且仍然是有机化学研究中的一个重要课题。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | [(2S)-5-ethyl-7-pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C15H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-butyl-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-5-chloro-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C10H13ClN2O3S |
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—— | [(2S)-5-pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C13H18N2O3S |
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—— | [(2R)-5-morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C13H18N2O4S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-butyl-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-5-chloro-N-cyclopropyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C12H15ClN2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-pyridin-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H15N3O3S |
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—— | [(2R)-5-piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C14H20N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-7-chloro-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C10H13ClN2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-ethyl-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C11H15FN2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-diethyl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C14H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C12H17FN2O4S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-7-ethyl-N-propan-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C13H19FN2O3S |
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—— | [(2R)-5-[(3R)-3-methylpiperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C15H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-5-ethyl-N-propan-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C14H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-butyl-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-7-chloro-N-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C11H15ClN2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C13H20N2O4S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-pyridin-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H15N3O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-cyclopropyl-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C13H18N2O3S |
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—— | [(2R)-5-(azepan-1-ylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C15H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C15H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-5-chloro-N-cyclopropyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C12H15ClN2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-cyclopropyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C12H16N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-6,7-dimethyl-N-propan-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-5-fluoro-N-propan-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C12H17FN2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-pyridin-4-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H15N3O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C13H20N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-5-methyl-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C14H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H20N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-5-chloro-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C10H13ClN2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-7-chloro-N-propan-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C12H17ClN2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-cyclopropyl-6,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H20N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-7-chloro-N-prop-2-enyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C12H15ClN2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-butyl-7-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C13H19FN2O3S |
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—— | [(2R)-5-ethyl-7-pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C15H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-7-ethyl-N-prop-2-enyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H20N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N,N-diethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C13H20N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-ethyl-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C12H18N2O3S |
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—— | [(2S)-5-(azepan-1-ylsulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-2-yl]methanamine | —— | C15H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-sulfonamide | —— | C15H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-7-methyl-N-propan-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C13H20N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-(3-methylbutyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H22N2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-7-chloro-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C10H13ClN2O3S |
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—— | (2R)-2-(aminomethyl)-N,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C11H16N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-7-ethyl-N-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C12H18N2O3S |
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—— | (2S)-2-(aminomethyl)-N-cyclopropyl-6,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-sulfonamide | —— | C14H20N2O3S |
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