酚类是一大类化合物,它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基(-OH)直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中,并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。
结构与分类酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同,可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类:
酚类可以通过多种途径制备:
尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景,但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。
以上是对酚类的简单介绍,涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | 4-[[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2-(3-hydroxyprop-1-ynyl)-6-methoxyphenol | —— | C17H26O4Si |
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—— | (3Z)-3-[7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-thiazepan-5-ylidene]-6-methylpyran-2,4-dione | —— | C18H19NO5S |
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—— | phenyl 4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate | —— | C18H15N3O6 |
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—— | Lopac-A-0937 | —— | C12H17NO9 |
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—— | (4S)-4-[(R)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one | —— | C15H16N4O3 |
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—— | (4S)-4-[(S)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one | —— | C15H16N4O3 |
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—— | (4R)-4-[(R)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one | —— | C15H16N4O3 |
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—— | (4R)-4-[(S)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one | —— | C15H16N4O3 |
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—— | (11R,14E)-11-(4-chlorophenyl)-14-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-15-thia-12,17-diazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,16]heptadeca-1(10),2,4,6,16-pentaen-13-one | —— | C27H17ClN4O6S |
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—— | (11S,14E)-11-(4-chlorophenyl)-14-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methylidene]-15-thia-12,17-diazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,16]heptadeca-1(10),2,4,6,16-pentaen-13-one | —— | C27H17ClN4O6S |
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—— | 4-methyl-2-[(1R,5S,6R)-6-methyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl]phenol | —— | C13H16O3 |
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—— | 4-methyl-2-[(1R,5R,6R)-6-methyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-yl]phenol | —— | C13H16O3 |
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—— | (4R)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-[(4R)-5-oxo-1,3-diphenyl-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]-2,5-diphenyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one | —— | C37H28N4O3 |
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—— | (4S)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-[(4S)-5-oxo-1,3-diphenyl-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]-2,5-diphenyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one | —— | C37H28N4O3 |
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—— | (4R)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-[(4S)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one | —— | C28H26N4O4 |
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—— | ethyl (2Z,5S)-2-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C23H18BrClN2O4S |
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—— | (4R)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-[(4S)-5-oxo-1,3-diphenyl-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]-2,5-diphenyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one | —— | C37H28N4O3 |
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—— | ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate | —— | C23H18BrClN2O4S |
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—— | 2-[(2E,5S)-2-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidenehydrazinylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-yl]acetate | —— | C12H10N3O4S- |
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—— | (2R)-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)oxolane-2-carboxamide | —— | C11H12N2O5 |
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—— | (2E,5R)-2-[[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide | —— | C29H23F2N3O5S |
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—— | (2E,5R)-2-[[4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide | —— | C30H25F2N3O6S |
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—— | (2E,5S)-2-[[4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]methylidene]-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide | —— | C30H25F2N3O6S |
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—— | (4S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[[(4R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one | —— | C27H21Cl2N5O5 |
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—— | (4R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[[(4R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one | —— | C27H21Cl2N5O5 |
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—— | (4S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[[(4S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-3-one | —— | C27H21Cl2N5O5 |
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—— | (4S)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-[(4S)-3-methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl]-5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-4H-pyrazol-3-one | —— | C29H27N5O5 |
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—— | 6-[(1R,8S,9S)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5,10,12-trioxo-2,6-dithia-4,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodec-3(7)-en-11-yl]hexanoic acid | —— | C21H22N2O7S2 |
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—— | 6-[(1R,8R,9S)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5,10,12-trioxo-2,6-dithia-4,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodec-3(7)-en-11-yl]hexanoic acid | —— | C21H22N2O7S2 |
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—— | [(4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-diazinan-5-yl]-thiophen-2-ylmethanone | —— | C18H17F3N2O5S2 |
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—— | (5Z)-2-[(2S,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one | —— | C16H18N2O3S |
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—— | (7R)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide | —— | C21H21N5O4 |
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—— | (1R,9S,13Z,16S)-16-acetyl-13-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-9-methyl-8-oxa-12-thia-10,15-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.011,15]hexadeca-2,4,6,10-tetraen-14-one | —— | C23H20N2O5S |
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—— | (1R,9S,13Z,16R)-16-acetyl-13-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-9-methyl-8-oxa-12-thia-10,15-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.011,15]hexadeca-2,4,6,10-tetraen-14-one | —— | C22H17N3O6S |
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—— | ethyl (4S,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-diazinane-5-carboxylate | —— | C14H15F3N2O4S |
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—— | 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[(5S)-5-hydroxy-3-propyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-pyrazol-1-yl]propan-1-one | —— | C16H19F3N2O3 |
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—— | (8S,8aR)-6-amino-8-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propan-2-yl-1,3,8,8a-tetrahydroisoquinoline-5,7,7-tricarbonitrile | —— | C21H21N5O |
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—— | methyl (1S,9R,13Z,16S)-13-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-9-methyl-14-oxo-8-oxa-12-thia-10,15-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.011,15]hexadeca-2,4,6,10-tetraene-16-carboxylate | —— | C22H17N3O7S |
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—— | (1R,9S,13Z,16R)-16-acetyl-13-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-9-methyl-8-oxa-12-thia-10,15-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.011,15]hexadeca-2,4,6,10-tetraen-14-one | —— | C23H20N2O5S |
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—— | methyl (1S,9R,13Z,16R)-13-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-9-methyl-14-oxo-8-oxa-12-thia-10,15-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.011,15]hexadeca-2,4,6,10-tetraene-16-carboxylate | —— | C22H17N3O7S |
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—— | (1R,9S,13Z,16S)-16-acetyl-13-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-9-methyl-8-oxa-12-thia-10,15-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.011,15]hexadeca-2,4,6,10-tetraen-14-one | —— | C22H17N3O6S |
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—— | 4-(5-(Hydroxymethyl)-6,8,9-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-2-yl)phenol | —— | C18H24O3 |
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—— | (5E)-2-[(2R,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazol-4-one | —— | C16H18N2O3S |
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—— | (2Z,5Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one | —— | C26H24N2O5S |
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—— | (5E)-5-[[5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)furan-2-yl]methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one | —— | C14H8N2O5S2 |
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—— | (6E)-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)methylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one | —— | C15H15NO3 |
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—— | 5-(2,3-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-[(2,3-dimethylphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one | —— | C27H24Br2N2O3S |
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—— | N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-[(5Z)-5-[(E)-2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-enylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide | —— | C21H17N3O5S2 |
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—— | N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-4-[(5Z)-4-oxo-5-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]butanamide | —— | C22H19N3O5S2 |
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—— | 2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]propanedinitrile | —— | C22H16BrN3O3S |
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