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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2S)-2-[(6-acetyl-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-[2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)acetyl]amino]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]acetamide —— C31H31N5O8
    (2S)-2-[(6-acetyl-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-[2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)acetyl]amino]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]acetamide
    —— (2S)-2-[[2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)acetyl]-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]acetamide —— C30H33N5O6
    (2S)-2-[[2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)acetyl]-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]acetamide
    —— (2S)-2-[[2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)acetyl]-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]acetamide —— C30H33N5O6
    (2S)-2-[[2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)acetyl]-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]acetamide
    —— (2Z)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one —— C17H11BrN2O3S
    (2Z)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one
    —— 2-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-3,5-dimethoxyphenol —— C11H15NO4
    2-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-5-methoxyphenol —— C10H13NO3
    2-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-4-methoxyphenol —— C10H13NO3
    2-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— (2R)-N-cyclohexyl-2-(2-fluoro-N-[2-(5-thiophen-2-yltetrazol-2-yl)acetyl]anilino)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide —— C28H29FN6O4S
    (2R)-N-cyclohexyl-2-(2-fluoro-N-[2-(5-thiophen-2-yltetrazol-2-yl)acetyl]anilino)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 4-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol —— C11H15NO4
    4-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— (2S)-N-cyclohexyl-2-(2-fluoro-N-[2-(5-thiophen-2-yltetrazol-2-yl)acetyl]anilino)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide —— C28H29FN6O4S
    (2S)-N-cyclohexyl-2-(2-fluoro-N-[2-(5-thiophen-2-yltetrazol-2-yl)acetyl]anilino)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— ethyl (5Z)-2-(4-chloroanilino)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C21H18ClNO5S
    ethyl (5Z)-2-(4-chloroanilino)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-[(5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]propanedinitrile —— C22H16BrN3O3S
    2-[(5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]propanedinitrile
    —— (2E,5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2-[(3,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H19BrN2O3S
    (2E,5E)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2-[(3,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H10Br2Cl2N2O3S
    (5Z)-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2,3-dichloroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C17H10Br2Cl2N2O3S
    (5E)-5-[(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2,3-dichloroanilino)-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (2E,5E)-3-ethyl-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C21H22N2O3S
    (2E,5E)-3-ethyl-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl (5Z)-2-(4-chloroanilino)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate —— C21H18ClNO5S
    ethyl (5Z)-2-(4-chloroanilino)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxothiophene-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(1S,2S,5R,6S,9R)-6,8,9-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-2-yl]phenol —— C18H24O3
    2-methoxy-4-[(1S,2S,5R,6S,9R)-6,8,9-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-2-yl]phenol
    —— (1R,6R)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carboxamide —— C15H18N2O2
    (1R,6R)-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-7-carboxamide
    —— ethyl (2E,5R)-2-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H18BrClN2O4S
    ethyl (2E,5R)-2-[(3-bromo-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— N,N'-bis[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]decanediamide —— C26H34N4O6
    N,N'-bis[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]decanediamide
    —— ethyl (2Z,5S)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C26H25BrN2O6S
    ethyl (2Z,5S)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[(4R)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]propanamide —— C15H18N4O4
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[(4R)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]propanamide
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C10H12N2O3
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 4-[(2S)-decan-2-yl]phenol —— C16H26O
    4-[(2S)-decan-2-yl]phenol
    —— N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[(4S)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]propanamide —— C15H18N4O4
    N-[(E)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-[(4S)-3-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazol-4-yl]propanamide
    —— ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C26H25BrN2O6S
    ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 5-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-2,3-dimethoxyphenol —— C11H15NO4
    5-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-2,3-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C10H13NO3
    4-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,4,6-tris[(2S)-nonan-2-yl]phenol —— C33H60O
    2,4,6-tris[(2S)-nonan-2-yl]phenol
    —— 2,4-bis[(2R)-nonan-2-yl]-6-[(2S)-nonan-2-yl]phenol —— C33H60O
    2,4-bis[(2R)-nonan-2-yl]-6-[(2S)-nonan-2-yl]phenol
    —— 5-[(Z)-C-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)carbonohydrazonoyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C15H13N3O2S
    5-[(Z)-C-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)carbonohydrazonoyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-bromo-4-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C10H12BrNO3
    2-bromo-4-[(2Z)-2-hydroxyiminopropyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[(2R)-nonan-2-yl]-2,6-bis[(2S)-nonan-2-yl]phenol —— C33H60O
    4-[(2R)-nonan-2-yl]-2,6-bis[(2S)-nonan-2-yl]phenol
    —— N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-[(5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide —— C18H12FN3O6S
    N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-[(5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetamide
    —— (5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-ethylphenyl)-2-(2-ethylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C27H25ClN2O3S
    (5E)-5-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-ethylphenyl)-2-(2-ethylphenyl)imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z,4E)-2,3-dichloro-4-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylhydrazinylidene]but-2-enoic acid —— C13H12Cl2N2O4
    (Z,4E)-2,3-dichloro-4-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylhydrazinylidene]but-2-enoic acid
    —— (2E)-3-[(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)amino]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C17H17NO3
    (2E)-3-[(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)amino]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— (2R)-2-[N-[2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)acetyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]-N-cyclohexyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide —— C30H30F3N5O4
    (2R)-2-[N-[2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)acetyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]-N-cyclohexyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— (Z,4Z)-2,3-dichloro-4-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylhydrazinylidene]but-2-enoic acid —— C13H12Cl2N2O4
    (Z,4Z)-2,3-dichloro-4-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylhydrazinylidene]but-2-enoic acid
    —— (2R)-2-(N-[2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)acetyl]-4-chloroanilino)-N-cyclohexyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide —— C29H30ClN5O4
    (2R)-2-(N-[2-(benzotriazol-1-yl)acetyl]-4-chloroanilino)-N-cyclohexyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C25H18N4O5S2
    (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[1-(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)propyl]benzohydrazide —— C16H16N2O5
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-N'-[1-(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)propyl]benzohydrazide
    —— 2,3,5-trichloro-6-[(2E)-2-[5-(2,4,5-trichloro-3,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]-3H-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione —— C18H6Cl6N2O4S2
    2,3,5-trichloro-6-[(2E)-2-[5-(2,4,5-trichloro-3,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene]-3H-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C21H17N3O6S2
    ethyl (2Z)-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C26H26N2O6S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (4Z)-1-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C17H13ClN2O4
    (4Z)-1-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 2-[(Z)-(2-chloro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1-hydroxyguanidine —— C9H11ClN4O3
    2-[(Z)-(2-chloro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1-hydroxyguanidine
    —— (2E,5E)-5-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H16Br2N2O3S
    (2E,5E)-5-(2,3-dibromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2-[(4-ethylphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— methyl (4E)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate —— C23H23NO5
    methyl (4E)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylate