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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-[5-(2-Amino-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-3-pyridin-4-yl-furan-2-yl]-2-chloro-phenol —— C19H19ClN2O2
    5-[5-(2-Amino-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-3-pyridin-4-yl-furan-2-yl]-2-chloro-phenol
    —— (9Z,11E)-16-chloro-19-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.06,8]nonadeca-1(19),9,11,15,17-pentaene-2,13-dione —— C18H17ClO5
    (9Z,11E)-16-chloro-19-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,7-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.06,8]nonadeca-1(19),9,11,15,17-pentaene-2,13-dione
    —— 4-nitro-2-[[[(2R,3S)-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol —— C19H22N2O4
    4-nitro-2-[[[(2R,3S)-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-nitro-2-[[[(2S,3R)-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol —— C19H22N2O4
    4-nitro-2-[[[(2S,3R)-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-(12-Methyltridecylamino)benzene-1,2-diol —— C20H35NO2
    4-(12-Methyltridecylamino)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-nitro-2-[[[(2R,3R)-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol —— C19H22N2O4
    4-nitro-2-[[[(2R,3R)-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-nitro-2-[[[(2S,3S)-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol —— C19H22N2O4
    4-nitro-2-[[[(2S,3S)-2-phenyloxan-3-yl]methylamino]methyl]phenol
    —— (2E,5E)-2,5-bis[(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopentan-1-one —— C19H14Cl2O3
    (2E,5E)-2,5-bis[(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopentan-1-one
    —— 5-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one —— C11H12O4
    5-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one
    —— 4-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclohexanone —— C13H16O2
    4-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclohexanone
    —— 3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2-ethyl-1,1-dioxothieno[3,2-e]thiazine-6-sulfonamide;1-[4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol;hydrochloride —— C33H55ClN4O9S3
    3-[[Bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2-ethyl-1,1-dioxothieno[3,2-e]thiazine-6-sulfonamide;1-[4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol;hydrochloride
    —— 1,3-dinitrooxypropan-2-yl nitrate;(E)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-8-methylnon-6-enamide —— C21H32N4O12
    1,3-dinitrooxypropan-2-yl nitrate;(E)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-8-methylnon-6-enamide
    —— {4-[(1-{[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino}cyclopentyl)methyl]phenoxymethyl}(phenyl)phosphinic acid —— C28H34NO6P
    {4-[(1-{[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino}cyclopentyl)methyl]phenoxymethyl}(phenyl)phosphinic acid
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H19BrN2O4S2
    (5E)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (3E)-8-fluoro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]thiochromen-4-one —— C16H10FNO4S
    (3E)-8-fluoro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]thiochromen-4-one
    —— prop-2-enyl (4R)-5-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-6-[2-oxo-2-(N-phenylanilino)ethyl]sulfanyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate —— C32H29N3O5S
    prop-2-enyl (4R)-5-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-6-[2-oxo-2-(N-phenylanilino)ethyl]sulfanyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— prop-2-enyl (4S)-5-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-6-[2-oxo-2-(N-phenylanilino)ethyl]sulfanyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate —— C32H29N3O5S
    prop-2-enyl (4S)-5-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-6-[2-oxo-2-(N-phenylanilino)ethyl]sulfanyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate
    —— 4-[2-Diethoxyphosphoryl-1-[(2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)amino]propyl]-2-methoxy-6-methylphenol —— C22H33N2O5P
    4-[2-Diethoxyphosphoryl-1-[(2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)amino]propyl]-2-methoxy-6-methylphenol
    —— 3-[4-[[amino(thiophen-2-yl)methylidene]amino]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-propan-2-ylphenyl)propanamide —— C24H27N3O3S
    3-[4-[[amino(thiophen-2-yl)methylidene]amino]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-propan-2-ylphenyl)propanamide
    —— ethyl (5E)-2-anilino-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxofuran-3-carboxylate —— C21H19NO6
    ethyl (5E)-2-anilino-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— tert-butyl N-[6-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylamino]hexanoylamino]carbamate —— C20H31N3O5
    tert-butyl N-[6-[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoylamino]hexanoylamino]carbamate
    —— (3R)-1-[2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]cyclohexyl]pyrrolidin-3-ol —— C20H31NO4
    (3R)-1-[2-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]cyclohexyl]pyrrolidin-3-ol
    —— 4-[(E)-2-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-pyridin-3-ylethenyl]-2-methoxy-6-methylphenol —— C19H24NO5P
    4-[(E)-2-diethoxyphosphoryl-2-pyridin-3-ylethenyl]-2-methoxy-6-methylphenol
    —— 3-[2-dimethylaminomethyl-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohept-1-enyl]-phenol hydrochloride —— C22H27NO2*ClH
    3-[2-dimethylaminomethyl-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohept-1-enyl]-phenol hydrochloride
    —— 2-[4-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohept-3-en-1-yl]phenol —— C22H27NO2
    2-[4-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohept-3-en-1-yl]phenol
    —— 3-[2-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-6-phenylcyclohepten-1-yl]phenol —— C22H27NO
    3-[2-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-6-phenylcyclohepten-1-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]propanedinitrile —— C16H12BrN3O3S
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-ethyl-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]propanedinitrile
    —— 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C17H24N2O6
    4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— N-(3-phenethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-N'-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)urea 326920-47-2 C20H22N4O2
    N-(3-phenethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-N'-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)urea
    —— 2R-[(formyl-hydroxy-amino)-methyl]-hexanoic acid [2(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]-amide —— C16H24N2O5
    2R-[(formyl-hydroxy-amino)-methyl]-hexanoic acid [2(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]-amide
    —— 4-[4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylfuran-2-yl]phenol —— C22H16O3
    4-[4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylfuran-2-yl]phenol
    —— (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl (E)-9-methyldec-7-enoate —— C19H28O4
    (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl (E)-9-methyldec-7-enoate
    —— ethyl (2E)-2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]acetate —— C21H23ClN2O7S
    ethyl (2E)-2-[(5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]acetate
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]acetate —— C21H23ClN2O7S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]acetate
    —— ethyl (2E)-2-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]acetate —— C22H26N2O8S
    ethyl (2E)-2-[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]acetate
    —— ethyl (2E)-2-[(5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]acetate —— C21H23ClN2O7S
    ethyl (2E)-2-[(5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]acetate
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]acetate —— C22H26N2O8S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(5E)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]acetate
    —— (4Z)-4-[(2E)-2-[5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-ylidene]ethylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one —— C21H20N2O4
    (4Z)-4-[(2E)-2-[5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-ylidene]ethylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— (Z)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C16H12ClNO5S
    (Z)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (Z)-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile —— C11H10ClNO4S
    (Z)-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile
    —— (Z)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile —— C11H10BrNO4S
    (Z)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile
    —— 3-(2-chloroanilino)-4-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione —— C16H10ClN3O5
    3-(2-chloroanilino)-4-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitroanilino)-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione
    —— (2E,5E)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H19NO3S
    (2E,5E)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2Z,5Z)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H19NO3S
    (2Z,5Z)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H20N2O4S
    (5E)-2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C18H15N3O2
    (Z)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (5E)-2-cyclopentylimino-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C15H16N2O2S
    (5E)-2-cyclopentylimino-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H13NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H18N2O3S
    (5E)-2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)imino-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (4E)-4-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyanilino)methylidene]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-one —— C18H17N3O4
    (4E)-4-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyanilino)methylidene]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-one