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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4S,5S)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-trien-3-one —— C18H18O5
    (4S,5S)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-trien-3-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-trien-3-one —— C18H18O5
    (4S,5R)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-trien-3-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-trien-3-one —— C18H18O5
    (4R,5R)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-trien-3-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-trien-3-one —— C18H18O5
    (4R,5S)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-9-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-trien-3-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-[(Z)-[5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furan-2-yl]methylideneamino]benzamide —— C19H12F3N3O5
    2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-[(Z)-[5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furan-2-yl]methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— (2E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one —— C14H10N2O4
    (2E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 3-[(5S)-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5-nonafluoropentadecyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C21H27F9O2
    3-[(5S)-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5-nonafluoropentadecyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-[(5R)-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5-nonafluoropentadecyl]benzene-1,2-diol —— C21H27F9O2
    3-[(5R)-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5-nonafluoropentadecyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— ethyl (2E,7S)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-2-[(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C27H28N2O8S
    ethyl (2E,7S)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-2-[(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2E,5R)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H21BrN2O7S
    ethyl (2E,5R)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2E,5S)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H21BrN2O7S
    ethyl (2E,5S)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3,5-dinitrobenzamide —— C14H10N4O7
    2-hydroxy-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3,5-dinitrobenzamide
    —— (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-N-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide —— C26H20N4O5S2
    (2Z)-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-N-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-5-thiophen-2-yl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide
    —— (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide —— C22H30N2O6
    (E)-N-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-oxobut-2-enamide
    —— (E)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-N-[2-oxo-2-(oxolan-2-ylmethylamino)ethyl]-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)but-2-enamide —— C23H26N2O6S
    (E)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-N-[2-oxo-2-(oxolan-2-ylmethylamino)ethyl]-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)but-2-enamide
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (cyclohexylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amide —— C31H32FN3O5
    4-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (cyclohexylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-amide
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (cyclohexylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-amide —— C32H35N3O6
    4-(2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (cyclohexylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-amide
    —— (2Z,5Z)-3-(2H-1,3-Benzodioxol-5-YL)-2-[(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-YL)imino]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C25H18N2O7S
    (2Z,5Z)-3-(2H-1,3-Benzodioxol-5-YL)-2-[(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-YL)imino]-5-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5S)-3-[(E,2S,4S)-1-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloct-6-enylidene]-5-[(R)-hydroxy-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione —— C21H27NO5
    (5S)-3-[(E,2S,4S)-1-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloct-6-enylidene]-5-[(R)-hydroxy-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5S)-3-[(E,2R,4R)-1-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloct-6-enylidene]-5-[(R)-hydroxy-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione —— C21H27NO5
    (5S)-3-[(E,2R,4R)-1-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloct-6-enylidene]-5-[(R)-hydroxy-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5S)-3-[(E,2S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloct-6-enylidene]-5-[(R)-hydroxy-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione —— C21H27NO5
    (5S)-3-[(E,2S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyloct-6-enylidene]-5-[(R)-hydroxy-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione
    —— (5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[6-[(5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C26H24N2O4S4
    (5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-[6-[(5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]hexyl]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (4E)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione —— C16H10ClN3O5
    (4E)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 4-bromo-5-[(Z)-[(4,6-dimorpholin-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C18H22BrN7O4
    4-bromo-5-[(Z)-[(4,6-dimorpholin-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (2S)-4-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-furan-5-one —— C17H14O4
    (2S)-4-benzyl-3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-furan-5-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H11NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydrochromen-7-one —— C17H16O7
    (5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydrochromen-7-one
    —— (5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydrochromen-7-one —— C17H16O7
    (5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydrochromen-7-one
    —— (2E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C17H11BrN2O2S2
    (2E)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (2Z)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2-(5-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C17H12N4O3
    (2Z)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2-(5-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (5E)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H11BrN2O5S2
    (5E)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-2-{5-[1-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetamide —— C19H15N3O6S2
    N-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-2-{5-[1-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetamide
    —— 2-[5-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C20H17N3O5S2
    2-[5-(4-ethylbenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-[(1S,2S,5R,6S,9S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6,8,9-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-2-yl]phenol —— C18H24O3
    2-[(1S,2S,5R,6S,9S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6,8,9-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-2-yl]phenol
    —— 2-[(1S,2S,5R,6R,9S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6,8,9-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-2-yl]phenol —— C18H24O3
    2-[(1S,2S,5R,6R,9S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6,8,9-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-7-en-2-yl]phenol
    —— methyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C22H17BrN2O4S
    methyl (2Z)-2-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3-chloro-N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide —— C16H10ClN3O4S
    3-chloro-N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazole-3-carboxamide —— C12H12N4O3
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazole-3-carboxamide
    —— 3-{[(3,5-dimethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino]methyl}phenol —— C11H12N4O
    3-{[(3,5-dimethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino]methyl}phenol
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C18H11Cl2N3O5S2
    2-[(5Z)-5-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— ethyl (2Z)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H17Br2ClN2O4S
    ethyl (2Z)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (5Z)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C16H10ClNO4S
    (5Z)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— Ethyl (2Z)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2H,3H,5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-A]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H18BrClN2O4S
    Ethyl (2Z)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2H,3H,5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-A]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C11H8N4O5S
    5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— 2-[(5Z)-5-benzylidene-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide —— C18H13N3O6S
    2-[(5Z)-5-benzylidene-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxamide —— C16H13N3O6
    N-[(Z)-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxamide
    —— 2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-6,7-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3(2H)-one —— C13H12N2O2S
    2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-6,7-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3(2H)-one
    —— N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]oxamide —— C10H11N3O4
    N'-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]oxamide
    —— N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxamide —— C16H14N2O5
    N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxamide
    —— 2-[(6R)-6-oxobenzo[c][2,1]benzoxaphosphinin-6-yl]benzene-1,4-diol —— C18H13O4P
    2-[(6R)-6-oxobenzo[c][2,1]benzoxaphosphinin-6-yl]benzene-1,4-diol