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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5Z)-3-(2-ethylhexyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H25NO3S2
    (5Z)-3-(2-ethylhexyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— methyl (1R,9S,13E,16R)-13-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-9-methyl-14-oxo-8-oxa-12-thia-10,15-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.011,15]hexadeca-2,4,6,10-tetraene-16-carboxylate —— C23H20N2O6S
    methyl (1R,9S,13E,16R)-13-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-9-methyl-14-oxo-8-oxa-12-thia-10,15-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.011,15]hexadeca-2,4,6,10-tetraene-16-carboxylate
    —— methyl (1R,9S,13E,16S)-13-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-9-methyl-14-oxo-8-oxa-12-thia-10,15-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.011,15]hexadeca-2,4,6,10-tetraene-16-carboxylate —— C23H20N2O6S
    methyl (1R,9S,13E,16S)-13-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-9-methyl-14-oxo-8-oxa-12-thia-10,15-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.011,15]hexadeca-2,4,6,10-tetraene-16-carboxylate
    —— (5Z)-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H19NO6S2
    (5Z)-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C17H11Cl2NO3S
    (5Z)-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 5-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-ethylphenyl)-2-[(2-ethylphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C27H25ClN2O3S
    5-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(2-ethylphenyl)-2-[(2-ethylphenyl)imino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-3-(2-ethylphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H15NO2S2
    (5Z)-3-(2-ethylphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H21ClN2O4S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17ClN2O3S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17BrN2O3S
    5-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(phenylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (3Z)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one —— C16H13NO3
    (3Z)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C20H19BrN2O4S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C10H6N2O5S
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3,6-Dimethoxy-2-hydroxy-beta-(3-pyridyl)acrylophenone —— C16H15NO4
    3,6-Dimethoxy-2-hydroxy-beta-(3-pyridyl)acrylophenone
    —— 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-3H-furo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5-dione —— C23H23NO6
    1-(4-ethylphenyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-3H-furo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5-dione
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-3H-furo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5-dione —— C21H19NO5
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-3H-furo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5-dione
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-3H-furo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5-dione —— C22H21NO6
    4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-3H-furo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5-dione
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(4-thiophen-2-yl-butyryl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C35H39N3O7S
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(4-thiophen-2-yl-butyryl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide; (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1,1,1-trifluorohenicosa-6,9,12,15-tetraen-2-one —— C49H72F3NO4
    (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide; (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1,1,1-trifluorohenicosa-6,9,12,15-tetraen-2-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-(3-furan-2-yl-propionyl)-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C34H37N3O8
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-(3-furan-2-yl-propionyl)-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-[3-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C38H43N3O9
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-[3-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-N-(1-piperidyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide —— C50H62Cl3N5O4
    5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-N-(1-piperidyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(3-phenyl-propionyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C36H39N3O7
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(3-phenyl-propionyl)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one —— C37H41N3O8
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— {5-[1-{3-Benzyloxy-4-[2-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid —— C28H22F3NO6S2
    {5-[1-{3-Benzyloxy-4-[2-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl}-acetic acid
    —— 5-methyl-4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-2-(3-pyridylmethylamino)phenol —— C16H18N2O
    5-methyl-4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-2-(3-pyridylmethylamino)phenol
    —— 5-[(3-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylene]-3-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H11N3O6S3
    5-[(3-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methylene]-3-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (4E)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid —— C19H16O7
    (4E)-4-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[[methyl-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]methyl]phenol —— C16H26N2O3
    2,6-Dimethoxy-4-[[methyl-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]methyl]phenol
    —— (8S,8aR)-6-amino-8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,8,8a-tetrahydroisoquinoline-5,7,7-tricarbonitrile —— C19H17N5O2
    (8S,8aR)-6-amino-8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1,3,8,8a-tetrahydroisoquinoline-5,7,7-tricarbonitrile
    —— [(1R,4R,5R,8R,9R)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6,8,9-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-en-1-yl]methyl N-propan-2-ylcarbamate —— C22H31NO4
    [(1R,4R,5R,8R,9R)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6,8,9-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-en-1-yl]methyl N-propan-2-ylcarbamate
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[[4-(4-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)cyclohexyl]methyl]acetamide —— C24H28N4O3
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[[4-(4-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)cyclohexyl]methyl]acetamide
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-[(R)-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-2H-furan-5-one —— C20H18O9
    3-hydroxy-4-[(R)-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-[(S)-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-2H-furan-5-one —— C20H18O9
    3-hydroxy-4-[(S)-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-2H-furan-5-one
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-aminohexyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C12H19NO2
    4-[(1S)-1-aminohexyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-[(1R)-1-aminohexyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C12H19NO2
    4-[(1R)-1-aminohexyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— ethyl (2E,5S)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C30H32N2O6S
    ethyl (2E,5S)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-prop-2-enylphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 4-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 850242-80-7 C13H12N6OS
    4-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— ethyl (2Z,5S)-5-(3-ethoxy-4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C29H30N2O7S
    ethyl (2Z,5S)-5-(3-ethoxy-4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (2Z)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-N-[2-[2-[[(2Z)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxyimino-propanoyl]amino]ethyldisulfanyl]ethyl]-2-hydroxyimino-propanamide —— C22H24Br2N4O6S2
    (2Z)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-N-[2-[2-[[(2Z)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxyimino-propanoyl]amino]ethyldisulfanyl]ethyl]-2-hydroxyimino-propanamide
    —— ethyl (2Z,5R)-5-(3-ethoxy-4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C29H30N2O7S
    ethyl (2Z,5R)-5-(3-ethoxy-4-prop-2-enoxyphenyl)-2-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (4S)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazole-3-carboxamide —— C12H12N4O3
    (4S)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazole-3-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazole-3-carboxamide —— C12H12N4O3
    (4R)-N-[(E)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methyl-5-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazole-3-carboxamide
    —— (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H17NO2S2
    (5E)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-(3-phenylpropyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3,6-Bis(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,5-piperazinedione —— C18H14N2O4
    3,6-Bis(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,5-piperazinedione
    —— (5E)-5-[(2E)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-ylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H11NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2E)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-ylidene]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— [(Benzylamino)(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phosphinic acid —— C14H15NO3P+
    [(Benzylamino)(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phosphinic acid
    —— ethyl (2Z,5S)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H20BrClN2O5S
    ethyl (2Z,5S)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H20BrClN2O5S
    ethyl (2Z,5R)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 3-Hydroxybenzenecarboximidamide;sulfate —— C7H8N2O5S-2
    3-Hydroxybenzenecarboximidamide;sulfate