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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5Z)-5-(ethoxymethylidene)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C12H11NO3S2
    (5Z)-5-(ethoxymethylidene)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-[(8E,11E)-pentadeca-8,11-dienyl]phenol;3-[(8E,11E)-pentadeca-8,11,14-trienyl]phenol;3-[(E)-pentadec-8-enyl]phenol —— C63H96O3
    3-[(8E,11E)-pentadeca-8,11-dienyl]phenol;3-[(8E,11E)-pentadeca-8,11,14-trienyl]phenol;3-[(E)-pentadec-8-enyl]phenol
    —— methyl (2Z)-2-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C22H17ClN2O4S
    methyl (2Z)-2-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-dimethyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione —— C14H13BrN2O4S
    5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-dimethyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione
    —— (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[4-[(5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-one —— C24H20N4O4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[4-[(5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C16H11NO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C26H25BrN2O7S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione —— C16H10N2O5S
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— ethyl (2Z)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C25H24N2O6S
    ethyl (2Z)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— (Z)-3-(5-Hydroxy-2-nitro-phenylcarbamoyl)-acrylic acid —— C10H8N2O6
    (Z)-3-(5-Hydroxy-2-nitro-phenylcarbamoyl)-acrylic acid
    —— (4E)-4-[3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one —— C22H20N2O4
    (4E)-4-[3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-ylidene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one
    —— ethyl (2Z)-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C26H26N2O7S
    ethyl (2Z)-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— Cambridge id 5877568 —— C13H11N3O6
    Cambridge id 5877568
    —— (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-one —— C18H16N4O4
    (4Z)-4-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)methylidene]-5-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazol-3-one
    —— (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one —— C10H7N3O4S
    (5E)-5-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one
    —— (6E)-6-[(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylanilino)methylidene]-2-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one —— C16H17NO2
    (6E)-6-[(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylanilino)methylidene]-2-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-Bromo-6-methoxy-4-(thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenol —— C12H16BrNO2S
    2-Bromo-6-methoxy-4-(thiomorpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 5-[(E)-tridec-8-enyl]benzene-1,3-diol —— C19H30O2
    5-[(E)-tridec-8-enyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetamide —— C11H12N6O4S
    N-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetamide
    —— 5-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)amino]-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile —— C11H8Br2N4O
    5-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)amino]-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile
    —— (2E)-3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(6-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-YL)prop-2-enenitrile —— C18H15N3O2
    (2E)-3-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(6-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-YL)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— (5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodobenzylidene)-3-propyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C13H12INO2S2
    (5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodobenzylidene)-3-propyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1-(4-methylphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione —— C20H18N2O6
    (5E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1-(4-methylphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
    —— ethyl (2E)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C24H20BrClN2O5S
    ethyl (2E)-2-[(2-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 2-(9,12-Diphenyl-8,10,13-trioxa-12-phospha-9-boranuidatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4,6-trien-11-yl)phenol;triethylazanium —— C32H37BNO4P
    2-(9,12-Diphenyl-8,10,13-trioxa-12-phospha-9-boranuidatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4,6-trien-11-yl)phenol;triethylazanium
    —— (2E)-but-2-en-1-yl 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate —— C17H19BrN2O5
    (2E)-but-2-en-1-yl 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— (2Z)-5-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]furan-3-one —— C17H12O5
    (2Z)-5-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]furan-3-one
    —— 3-(4,5-diamino-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)phenol —— C9H9N3O2
    3-(4,5-diamino-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 2-[4-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl]acetic acid —— C10H8N2O4
    2-[4-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— 2-[2-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]-6-methoxyphenol —— C23H19BrClFN2O2
    2-[2-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— Hydroxy-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]azanium —— C7H8NO2+
    Hydroxy-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]azanium
    —— (Z)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(1S)-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one —— C16H16O4
    (Z)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(1S)-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one
    —— (E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(1R)-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one —— C16H16O4
    (E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(1R)-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one
    —— (E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(1S)-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one —— C16H16O4
    (E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(1S)-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one
    —— (Z)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(1R)-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one —— C16H16O4
    (Z)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(1R)-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C18H19ClN2O4
    2-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)-N-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— [8-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-7-oxonaphthalen-1-yl]-methylcarbamic acid —— C18H13N5O8
    [8-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-7-oxonaphthalen-1-yl]-methylcarbamic acid
    —— 5-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one —— C11H10N2O3S
    5-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one
    —— N-[(Z)-(1,2-dimethylindol-3-yl)methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide —— C18H16N4O4
    N-[(Z)-(1,2-dimethylindol-3-yl)methylideneamino]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— 2-[3-cyano-4-(methoxymethyl)-6-methyl-2-oxopyridin-1-yl]-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide —— C19H20N4O5
    2-[3-cyano-4-(methoxymethyl)-6-methyl-2-oxopyridin-1-yl]-N-[(Z)-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]acetamide
    —— 5-[[[(1R)-1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-methylpropyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C19H23N3O2
    5-[[[(1R)-1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-methylpropyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C10H7BrN2O2S
    5-[(3-Bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H16N2O3S
    2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)imino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-prop-2-enyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]phenol —— C22H18Br2ClN2O+
    4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-ium-4-yl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[[(1R)-1-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C20H27NO2
    2-methoxy-5-[[[(1R)-1-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]phenol —— C22H17Br2ClN2O
    4-Bromo-2-[6-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[[[(1S)-1-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl]amino]methyl]phenol —— C20H27NO2
    2-methoxy-5-[[[(1S)-1-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]ethyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 3-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)but-3-enoic acid —— C18H15NO4S
    3-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)but-3-enoic acid
    —— (2S)-2-(3-chlorophenoxy)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide —— C17H18ClNO4
    (2S)-2-(3-chlorophenoxy)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide
    —— (2R)-2-(4-bromophenoxy)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide —— C17H18BrNO4
    (2R)-2-(4-bromophenoxy)-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide