摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Unii-9ttj40KJ7S 1001080-55-2 C161H260N46O46
    Unii-9ttj40KJ7S
    —— (3S)-4-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-1-[2-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-5-imino-1-oxopentan-2-yl]imino-2-hydroxyethyl]imino-1-hydroxyhexan-2-yl]imino-1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxyhexan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl]imino-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-amino-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-4-hydroxybutanoic acid —— C105H185N29O32
    (3S)-4-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-1-[2-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-5-imino-1-oxopentan-2-yl]imino-2-hydroxyethyl]imino-1-hydroxyhexan-2-yl]imino-1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxyhexan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl]imino-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-amino-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-4-hydroxybutanoic acid
    —— Cytotoxin CM 7 (Naja naja kaouthia reduced) 60 76483-70-0 C292H479N81O79S10
    Cytotoxin CM 7 (Naja naja kaouthia reduced) 60
    —— H-D-Trp-D-Trp-D-aThr-D-Phe-D-Phe-D-Leu-D-Pro-D-Ser-D-aThr-D-Leu-D-Trp-D-Glu-D-Arg-D-Lys-OH —— C96H129N21O20
    H-D-Trp-D-Trp-D-aThr-D-Phe-D-Phe-D-Leu-D-Pro-D-Ser-D-aThr-D-Leu-D-Trp-D-Glu-D-Arg-D-Lys-OH
    —— Somatostatin (sheep reduced), N-((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)-3-(S-((acetylamino)methyl)-l-cysteine)-4-(N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-9-(N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-14-(S-((acetylamino)methyl)-l-cysteine)-, 2-(((4-(phenylazo)phenyl)methyl)sulfonyl)ethyl ester 76408-92-9 C110H150N22O33S5
    Somatostatin (sheep reduced), N-((1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl)-3-(S-((acetylamino)methyl)-l-cysteine)-4-(N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-9-(N6-((2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-l-lysine)-14-(S-((acetylamino)methyl)-l-cysteine)-, 2-(((4-(phenylazo)phenyl)methyl)sulfonyl)ethyl ester
    —— (2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-1-[(2S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-[(2R)-3-[(1-hydroxyethylideneamino)methylsulfanyl]-1-oxo-1-[2-[(4-phenyldiazenylphenyl)methylsulfonyl]ethoxy]propan-2-yl]iminopropan-2-yl]imino-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]imino-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-6-[[hydroxy(2-methylsulfonylethoxy)methylidene]amino]hexan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-2-[[hydroxy-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]methylidene]amino]butanediimidic acid —— C89H114N16O24S3
    (2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-1-[(2S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-[(2R)-3-[(1-hydroxyethylideneamino)methylsulfanyl]-1-oxo-1-[2-[(4-phenyldiazenylphenyl)methylsulfonyl]ethoxy]propan-2-yl]iminopropan-2-yl]imino-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]imino-1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-6-[[hydroxy(2-methylsulfonylethoxy)methylidene]amino]hexan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]imino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-2-[[hydroxy-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]methylidene]amino]butanediimidic acid
    —— Bradykinin potentiator BPP1 83154-52-3 C51H78N14O13
    Bradykinin potentiator BPP1
    —— Neurotoxin B IV (Cerebratulus lacteus) 79586-21-3 C258H412N84O72S8
    Neurotoxin B IV (Cerebratulus lacteus)
    —— Neurotoxin III (Naja mossambica mossambica) 62 82600-21-3 C296H462N102O92S9
    Neurotoxin III (Naja mossambica mossambica) 62
    —— (D-Cha(sup 6))-LHRH acetate 82317-94-0 C64H91N17O15
    (D-Cha(sup 6))-LHRH acetate
    —— Cibinetide 1208243-50-8 C51H84N16O21
    Cibinetide
    —— N-[4-amino-1-[[(2R,3R)-1-[[4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3S,12R,15R)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide —— C53H100N16O13
    N-[4-amino-1-[[(2R,3R)-1-[[4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3S,12R,15R)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-6-methyloctanamide
    —— Ehfrwgkpvg-NH2 94664-48-9 C57H80N18O11
    Ehfrwgkpvg-NH2
    —— N-[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[3-[1-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ylamino]-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,8-dioxodecan-2-yl]-4-methyl-1-[(E)-4-methylhex-2-enoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;hydron;chloride —— C62H112ClN11O13
    N-[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[3-[1-(dimethylamino)propan-2-ylamino]-3-oxopropyl]amino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,8-dioxodecan-2-yl]-4-methyl-1-[(E)-4-methylhex-2-enoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;hydron;chloride
    —— (Lys<sup>4</sup>,ε-N-Fmoc-Lys<sup>8</sup>)GnRH-III 178414-83-0 C77H91N19O15
    (Lys<sup>4</sup>,ε-N-Fmoc-Lys<sup>8</sup>)GnRH-III
    —— H-Lys(H)-(Ala-AlaT-Ala)4-Lys(H)-NH2 1086771-96-1 C68H103N25O22
    H-Lys(H)-(Ala-AlaT-Ala)4-Lys(H)-NH2
    —— D-loop peptide, synthetic 130304-73-3 C53H76N16O16S
    D-loop peptide, synthetic
    —— L-Proline, 1-(N-(N-(N2-(N-(1-(N2-(N2-(N2-L-lysyl-L-lysyl)-L-arginyl)-L-arginyl)-L-prolyl)-L-valyl)-L-lysyl)-L-valyl)-L-tyrosyl)- 60063-06-1 C59H103N19O12
    L-Proline, 1-(N-(N-(N2-(N-(1-(N2-(N2-(N2-L-lysyl-L-lysyl)-L-arginyl)-L-arginyl)-L-prolyl)-L-valyl)-L-lysyl)-L-valyl)-L-tyrosyl)-
    —— Altracin —— C66H103N17O16S
    Altracin
    —— Mystixin-11 171439-62-6 C65H110N16O13S
    Mystixin-11
    —— Apamin, N-acetyl-4-(N6-acetyl-L-lysine)-18-(N-acetyl-L-histidinamide)- 78114-12-2 C85H137N31O27S4
    Apamin, N-acetyl-4-(N6-acetyl-L-lysine)-18-(N-acetyl-L-histidinamide)-
    —— (pyroglutamic acid)QKLGNQWAVGHLM-NH2 66839-66-5 C71H110N22O18S
    (pyroglutamic acid)QKLGNQWAVGHLM-NH2
    —— Glycine, L-seryl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-alanyl-L-leucyl-L-alanyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-alanylglycyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-arginyl- 239480-61-6 C66H112N20O21
    Glycine, L-seryl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-alanyl-L-leucyl-L-alanyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-alanylglycyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-arginyl-
    —— H-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-OH 21743-35-1 C60H122N20O11
    H-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-OH
    —— Crosstide 171783-05-4 C48H77N17O17
    Crosstide
    —— Gly-Gly-Glu-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met 88878-74-4 C61H95N17O17S
    Gly-Gly-Glu-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met
    —— H-DL-Arg-DL-Pro-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Gln-DL-Gln-DL-Phe-DL-Phe-DL-His-DL-Leu-DL-Met-NH2 115760-58-2 C67H102N20O13S
    H-DL-Arg-DL-Pro-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Gln-DL-Gln-DL-Phe-DL-Phe-DL-His-DL-Leu-DL-Met-NH2
    —— polymyxin B3 71140-58-4 C55H96N16O13
    polymyxin B3
    —— colistin C 52993-61-0 C52H98N16O13
    colistin C
    —— Seryl-prolyl-seryl-valyl-glutamyl-arginyl-valyl-phenylalanyl-seryl-alanyl-seryl-prolyl-alanyl-leucine 123001-63-8 C64H103N17O21
    Seryl-prolyl-seryl-valyl-glutamyl-arginyl-valyl-phenylalanyl-seryl-alanyl-seryl-prolyl-alanyl-leucine
    —— Mastoparan 7 145854-59-7 C67H124N18O15
    Mastoparan 7
    —— Urechistachykinin II 149097-04-1 C44H66N14O10S
    Urechistachykinin II
    —— Syntide-2 108334-68-5 C68H122N20O18
    Syntide-2
    —— melittin 123168-46-7 C131H228N38O32
    melittin
    —— substance P 71977-09-8 C63H97N17O14S
    substance P
    —— ACTH(1-10) 2791-05-1 C59H78N16O16S
    ACTH(1-10)
    —— Ac-AEE-C(Clk)-IpYGEFEAKKKK-CONH2 1190595-30-2 C99H140BrN24O29PS
    Ac-AEE-C(Clk)-IpYGEFEAKKKK-CONH2
    —— lauroyl-Gly-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-OH 1242243-59-9 C71H136N36O17
    lauroyl-Gly-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-OH
    —— H-D-Tyr-D-Lys-D-Gln-D-Cys-D-His-D-Lys-D-Lys-Gly-Gly-D-Lys-D-Lys-Gly-D-Ser-Gly-OH 1078162-71-6 C64H108N22O18S
    H-D-Tyr-D-Lys-D-Gln-D-Cys-D-His-D-Lys-D-Lys-Gly-Gly-D-Lys-D-Lys-Gly-D-Ser-Gly-OH
    —— peptide5 916977-43-0 C60H98N16O20S
    peptide5
    —— Einecs 266-705-2 67494-32-0 C50H70N14O15S2
    Einecs 266-705-2
    —— Ac-[D-Tyr<sup>46</sup>,D-Leu<sup>47</sup>,Thr<sup>49</sup>,azaGly<sup>51</sup>,Arg(Me)<sup>53</sup>,Trp<sup>54</sup>]metastin(46-54) 872720-12-2 C59H84N16O13
    Ac-[D-Tyr<sup>46</sup>,D-Leu<sup>47</sup>,Thr<sup>49</sup>,azaGly<sup>51</sup>,Arg(Me)<sup>53</sup>,Trp<sup>54</sup>]metastin(46-54)
    —— KKLFKKILKYL-NH2 1001644-68-3 C72H125N17O12
    KKLFKKILKYL-NH2
    —— Ac-LYRANGESPGYS-NH2 1320358-47-1 C59H87N17O20
    Ac-LYRANGESPGYS-NH2
    —— H-Gly-Lys-Gly-Arg-Gly-Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Arg-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gly-Ala-OH 99026-75-2 C70H111N23O19
    H-Gly-Lys-Gly-Arg-Gly-Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Arg-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gly-Ala-OH
    —— H-Lys-Thr-Lys-Cys-Lys-Phe-Leu-Lys-Lys-Cys-NH2 1579292-67-3 C55H100N16O11S2
    H-Lys-Thr-Lys-Cys-Lys-Phe-Leu-Lys-Lys-Cys-NH2
    —— KKLFKKILKKL-NH<sub>2</sub> 898529-02-7 C69H128N18O11
    KKLFKKILKKL-NH<sub>2</sub>
    —— temporin B 188713-70-4 C67H122N16O15
    temporin B
    —— cyclo-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-aminomethyl-3,4-dibenzyloxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxyl-Leu-Orn-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Orn-Val] 1313868-94-8 C87H137N17O16
    cyclo-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-aminomethyl-3,4-dibenzyloxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxyl-Leu-Orn-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Orn-Val]
    —— cyclo-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-aminomethyl-4-benzyloxy-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxyl-Leu-Orn-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Orn-Val] 1313868-95-9 C80H131N17O16
    cyclo-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-aminomethyl-4-benzyloxy-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxyl-Leu-Orn-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn-Leu-D-Orn-Val]