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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— H-Cys-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Leu-Pro-Val-Leu-Cys-OH —— C45H80N10O11S2
    H-Cys-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Leu-Pro-Val-Leu-Cys-OH
    —— H-Gly-Arg-Ala-xiThr-Phe-His-Gly-Glu-Val-Val-OH —— C47H73N15O14
    H-Gly-Arg-Ala-xiThr-Phe-His-Gly-Glu-Val-Val-OH
    —— H-Gly-Ser-Asn-Lys-Gly-Ala-Ile-Gly-Leu-Met-OH —— C39H70N12O13S
    H-Gly-Ser-Asn-Lys-Gly-Ala-Ile-Gly-Leu-Met-OH
    —— H-Arg-Cys-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Trp-Pro-Cys-Arg-OH —— C48H76N20O13S2
    H-Arg-Cys-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Trp-Pro-Cys-Arg-OH
    —— H-Cys-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ala-Gly-Glu-Pro-Gln-Cys-OH —— C38H64N14O14S2
    H-Cys-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ala-Gly-Glu-Pro-Gln-Cys-OH
    —— H-Pro-Gly-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Pro-Gly-Glu-OH —— C41H68N10O16
    H-Pro-Gly-Thr-Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Pro-Gly-Glu-OH
    —— H-Thr-Ser-His-Thr-Asp-Ala-Pro-Pro-Ala-Arg-Ser-Pro-OH —— C51H81N17O19
    H-Thr-Ser-His-Thr-Asp-Ala-Pro-Pro-Ala-Arg-Ser-Pro-OH
    —— H-Lys-Ala-Ala-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Gln-Arg-Ala-Glu-Ala-OH —— C60H107N19O19
    H-Lys-Ala-Ala-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Gln-Arg-Ala-Glu-Ala-OH
    —— H-Gly-Pen-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Cys-Ala-OH —— C35H59N13O14S2
    H-Gly-Pen-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Cys-Ala-OH
    —— H-Asn-Ala-Cys-Cys-Ile-Val-Arg-Gln-Cys-Cys-OH —— C41H73N15O13S4
    H-Asn-Ala-Cys-Cys-Ile-Val-Arg-Gln-Cys-Cys-OH
    —— H-Gly-Arg-Ala-Ala-Phe-His-Gly-Glu-Val-Val-OH —— C46H71N15O13
    H-Gly-Arg-Ala-Ala-Phe-His-Gly-Glu-Val-Val-OH
    —— H-Ala-Ala-Gly-Met-Gly-Phe-Phe-Gly-Ala-Ala-Met-OH —— C46H67N11O12S2
    H-Ala-Ala-Gly-Met-Gly-Phe-Phe-Gly-Ala-Ala-Met-OH
    —— H-Thr-Cys-Ala-Thr-Gly-Ala-Cys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Gly-Cys-Cys-Ala-Cys-Ala-Cys-OH —— C54H92N18O21S6
    H-Thr-Cys-Ala-Thr-Gly-Ala-Cys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Gly-Cys-Cys-Ala-Cys-Ala-Cys-OH
    —— H-Met-Leu-Leu-Arg-Val-Phe-Leu-Val-Val-Val-Thr-Gln-Cys-Gly-Cys-OH —— C75H129N19O18S3
    H-Met-Leu-Leu-Arg-Val-Phe-Leu-Val-Val-Val-Thr-Gln-Cys-Gly-Cys-OH
    —— H-Pro-Leu-Cys-Leu-Ala-Leu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Trp-Val-Cys-Leu-Ser-Ser-Thr-OH —— C77H125N17O22S2
    H-Pro-Leu-Cys-Leu-Ala-Leu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Trp-Val-Cys-Leu-Ser-Ser-Thr-OH
    —— H-Cys-Gly-Thr-Gln-Ala-Arg-Gln-Gly-Asp-Pro-Ser-Thr-Gly-Pro-Ile-OH —— C59H98N20O23S
    H-Cys-Gly-Thr-Gln-Ala-Arg-Gln-Gly-Asp-Pro-Ser-Thr-Gly-Pro-Ile-OH
    —— (5S)-6-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1,6-diamino-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)disulfanyl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-(3-carboxypropanoylamino)-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-oxohexanoic acid —— C73H125N13O18S2
    (5S)-6-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1,6-diamino-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)disulfanyl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-(3-carboxypropanoylamino)-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-6-oxohexanoic acid
    —— H-Asn-Gln-Glu-Gln-Val-Ser-Pro-Tyr-Thr-Leu-Leu-Lys-OH —— C63H102N16O21
    H-Asn-Gln-Glu-Gln-Val-Ser-Pro-Tyr-Thr-Leu-Leu-Lys-OH
    —— H-Lys-Leu-Val-Val-Val-Gly-Ala-Val-Gly-Val-Gly-Lys-Ser-Ala-Leu-Thr-Ile-OH —— C74H135N19O20
    H-Lys-Leu-Val-Val-Val-Gly-Ala-Val-Gly-Val-Gly-Lys-Ser-Ala-Leu-Thr-Ile-OH
    —— H-Ile-Asp-Val-His-Ser-Ile-Asn-Phe-Leu-Ala-Thr-Leu-OH —— C62H99N15O18
    H-Ile-Asp-Val-His-Ser-Ile-Asn-Phe-Leu-Ala-Thr-Leu-OH
    —— dermaseptin s3(1-16)-NH2 —— C80H139N23O17S
    dermaseptin s3(1-16)-NH2
    —— H-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg-Arg-Lys-Lys-Leu-Arg-Arg-Leu-Lys-OH —— C71H138N30O13
    H-Pro-Ile-Arg-Arg-Arg-Lys-Lys-Leu-Arg-Arg-Leu-Lys-OH
    —— H-Leu-Lys-Val-Leu-Thr-Thr-Gly-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Met-Ser-Trp-Ile-OH —— C78H131N17O19S
    H-Leu-Lys-Val-Leu-Thr-Thr-Gly-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Met-Ser-Trp-Ile-OH
    —— H-Ser-Cys-Thr-Trp-Gln-Gly-Ser-Phe-Leu-Thr-Cys-Lys-NH2 —— C59H90N16O17S2
    H-Ser-Cys-Thr-Trp-Gln-Gly-Ser-Phe-Leu-Thr-Cys-Lys-NH2
    —— (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(3S,6S,10S)-10-carbamoyl-2,5-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-1,4-diazecan-6-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid;3-[[(3S,5S,6S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-6-(2-aminoethylamino)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid —— C87H146N18O22
    (4S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(3S,6S,10S)-10-carbamoyl-2,5-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-1,4-diazecan-6-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid;3-[[(3S,5S,6S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-6-(2-aminoethylamino)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid
    —— H-Arg-Met-Lys-Lys-Leu-Asp-Glu-Glu-Ala-Leu-OH —— C52H93N15O17S
    H-Arg-Met-Lys-Lys-Leu-Asp-Glu-Glu-Ala-Leu-OH
    —— H-Arg-Leu-Cys-Pro-Lys-Thr-Ser-Leu-Glu-Cys-Met-OH —— C52H93N15O16S3
    H-Arg-Leu-Cys-Pro-Lys-Thr-Ser-Leu-Glu-Cys-Met-OH
    —— H-Asn-Gly-Val-Cys-Cys-Gly-Tyr-Lys-Leu-Cys-His-Orn-Cys-OH —— C57H92N18O16S4
    H-Asn-Gly-Val-Cys-Cys-Gly-Tyr-Lys-Leu-Cys-His-Orn-Cys-OH
    —— H-Gly-Lys-Val-Asp-Leu-Ala-Gln-Leu-Val-Val-Met-Val-Leu-Val-Glu-OH —— C73H129N17O21S
    H-Gly-Lys-Val-Asp-Leu-Ala-Gln-Leu-Val-Val-Met-Val-Leu-Val-Glu-OH
    —— H-Arg-Ser-Gln-Lys-Glu-Gly-Leu-His-Tyr-Thr-OH —— C52H83N17O17
    H-Arg-Ser-Gln-Lys-Glu-Gly-Leu-His-Tyr-Thr-OH
    —— H-Leu-Leu-Val-Leu-Leu-Gln-Ile-Met-Lys-Gly-Asn-Leu-OH —— C63H115N15O15S
    H-Leu-Leu-Val-Leu-Leu-Gln-Ile-Met-Lys-Gly-Asn-Leu-OH
    —— H-Gly-Ile-Lys-Lys-Phe-Leu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Phe-Gly-Lys-Ala-NH2 —— C82H143N23O15
    H-Gly-Ile-Lys-Lys-Phe-Leu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Phe-Gly-Lys-Ala-NH2
    —— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R,3S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]pentanediamide —— C61H99N19O15
    (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R,3S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]pentanediamide
    —— H-Arg-His-Met-Tyr-Lys-Pro-Ile-Ser-Pro-Gln-OH —— C56H89N17O14S
    H-Arg-His-Met-Tyr-Lys-Pro-Ile-Ser-Pro-Gln-OH
    —— H-Gly-Tyr-Lys-Val-Leu-Val-Leu-Asn-Pro-Ser-Val-Ala-Ala-Thr-OH —— C66H110N16O19
    H-Gly-Tyr-Lys-Val-Leu-Val-Leu-Asn-Pro-Ser-Val-Ala-Ala-Thr-OH
    —— H-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Ser-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Phe-Glu-Asn-Leu-OH —— C62H86N12O20
    H-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Ser-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Phe-Glu-Asn-Leu-OH
    —— H-Ala-Phe-Arg-Cha-Ala-Gly-Arg-Ile-Glu-Arg-Ile-NH2 —— C61H105N21O13
    H-Ala-Phe-Arg-Cha-Ala-Gly-Arg-Ile-Glu-Arg-Ile-NH2
    —— H-Arg-Cys-Thr-Val-Phe-Cys-Gln-Glu-Ser-Arg-Ala-Lys-OH —— C58H98N20O18S2
    H-Arg-Cys-Thr-Val-Phe-Cys-Gln-Glu-Ser-Arg-Ala-Lys-OH
    —— H-Glu-Lys-Glu-Leu-Cys-Asp-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gln-Cys-Ala-Val-OH —— C55H91N15O23S2
    H-Glu-Lys-Glu-Leu-Cys-Asp-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gln-Cys-Ala-Val-OH
    —— H-Leu-His-Ile-Pro-Pro-Asn-Leu-Ser-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala-OH —— C67H109N17O17
    H-Leu-His-Ile-Pro-Pro-Asn-Leu-Ser-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala-OH
    —— H-Leu-Leu-Phe-Phe-Pro-Leu-Leu-Trp-Ala-Leu-OH —— C67H97N11O11
    H-Leu-Leu-Phe-Phe-Pro-Leu-Leu-Trp-Ala-Leu-OH
    —— H-Phe-Phe-Arg-Met-Val-Met-Ser-Asn-Pro-Ala-Ala-OH —— C57H87N15O14S2
    H-Phe-Phe-Arg-Met-Val-Met-Ser-Asn-Pro-Ala-Ala-OH
    —— H-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Leu-Ser-Gln-Tyr-Leu-Cys-Tyr-OH —— C58H81N11O18S2
    H-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Leu-Ser-Gln-Tyr-Leu-Cys-Tyr-OH
    —— (2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2,4-diamino-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid;iodane —— C63H103IN16O21
    (2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2,4-diamino-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid;iodane
    —— H-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Ser-Pro-Ser-His-Phe-Glu-Asn-Leu-OH —— C59H84N14O19
    H-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Ser-Pro-Ser-His-Phe-Glu-Asn-Leu-OH
    —— H-Val-Ser-Ser-Gln-Phe-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Gln-Ala-Ser-Pro-OH —— C54H83N15O22
    H-Val-Ser-Ser-Gln-Phe-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Gln-Ala-Ser-Pro-OH
    —— H-Phe-Pro-Gln-Gln-His-Thr-Gln-Val-Leu-Ile-OH —— C56H87N15O15
    H-Phe-Pro-Gln-Gln-His-Thr-Gln-Val-Leu-Ile-OH
    —— H-Gly-Lys-Thr-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asn-Ile-Glu-Thr-Ala-Asp-Leu-OH —— C56H93N15O23
    H-Gly-Lys-Thr-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asn-Ile-Glu-Thr-Ala-Asp-Leu-OH
    —— H-Phe-Tyr-Arg-Met-Val-Leu-Thr-Asn-Pro-Ala-Ala-OH —— C59H91N15O15S
    H-Phe-Tyr-Arg-Met-Val-Leu-Thr-Asn-Pro-Ala-Ala-OH
    —— H-Ile-Val-Asp-Cys-Leu-Thr-Glu-Met-Tyr-Tyr-OH —— C56H84N10O18S2
    H-Ile-Val-Asp-Cys-Leu-Thr-Glu-Met-Tyr-Tyr-OH