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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机聚合物 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— H-Cys-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Leu-Pro-Val-Leu-Leu-Ala-Ala-Cys-OH —— C57H101N13O14S2
    H-Cys-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Leu-Pro-Val-Leu-Leu-Ala-Ala-Cys-OH
    —— H-Val-Thr-Val-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gly-Ala-Leu-Ala-Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Gly-OH —— C59H105N15O17
    H-Val-Thr-Val-Leu-Ala-Leu-Gly-Ala-Leu-Ala-Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Gly-OH
    —— H-Cys-Asp-Tyr-Pro-Ser-Arg-Leu-Ile-Asp-Leu-Cys-OH —— C55H88N14O18S2
    H-Cys-Asp-Tyr-Pro-Ser-Arg-Leu-Ile-Asp-Leu-Cys-OH
    —— H-Glu-Glu-Lys-Arg-Gly-Ser-Leu-Tyr-Val-Trp-OH —— C58H87N15O17
    H-Glu-Glu-Lys-Arg-Gly-Ser-Leu-Tyr-Val-Trp-OH
    —— H-Ala-Ile-Gln-Ser-Leu-Phe-Asn-Ile-Leu-Thr-OH —— C52H86N12O15
    H-Ala-Ile-Gln-Ser-Leu-Phe-Asn-Ile-Leu-Thr-OH
    —— H-Met-Thr-Asn-Leu-Met-Cys-Val-Met-Thr-His-Leu-Ser-Leu-Pro-OH —— C67H115N17O19S4
    H-Met-Thr-Asn-Leu-Met-Cys-Val-Met-Thr-His-Leu-Ser-Leu-Pro-OH
    —— H-Met-Phe-Val-Gly-Cys-Ile-Asn-Val-Phe-Phe-OH —— C57H81N11O12S2
    H-Met-Phe-Val-Gly-Cys-Ile-Asn-Val-Phe-Phe-OH
    —— H-Lys-Lys-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Leu-Pro-Val-Leu-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-OH —— C77H139N19O17
    H-Lys-Lys-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Leu-Pro-Val-Leu-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-OH
    —— H-Arg-Ser-Cys-Asn-Tyr-Tyr-Gly-Thr-Cys-Leu-His-OH —— C55H81N17O17S2
    H-Arg-Ser-Cys-Asn-Tyr-Tyr-Gly-Thr-Cys-Leu-His-OH
    —— H-Arg-Ser-Phe(4-Cl)-Thr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ser-Glu-Thr-Gly-Val-Gly-OH —— C55H89ClN16O21
    H-Arg-Ser-Phe(4-Cl)-Thr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ser-Glu-Thr-Gly-Val-Gly-OH
    —— H-Tyr-Phe-Ile-Asn-Thr-Ser-Lys-Gly-Gln-Lys-OH —— C54H84N14O16
    H-Tyr-Phe-Ile-Asn-Thr-Ser-Lys-Gly-Gln-Lys-OH
    —— H-Cys-Ser-Thr-Thr-Gln-Glu-Gly-Glu-Leu-Ala-OH —— C40H67N11O19S
    H-Cys-Ser-Thr-Thr-Gln-Glu-Gly-Glu-Leu-Ala-OH
    —— H-Gln-Ala-Met-Arg-Thr-Gln-Met-Gln-Gln-Met-OH —— C48H85N17O16S3
    H-Gln-Ala-Met-Arg-Thr-Gln-Met-Gln-Gln-Met-OH
    —— H-Gly-Met-Thr-Thr-Leu-Ser-Ala-Glu-Leu-Ser-OH —— C41H72N10O17S
    H-Gly-Met-Thr-Thr-Leu-Ser-Ala-Glu-Leu-Ser-OH
    —— H-Met-Ser-Cys-Thr-Leu-Cys-Phe-Gly-Ser-Tyr-Val-Leu-OH —— C58H90N12O17S3
    H-Met-Ser-Cys-Thr-Leu-Cys-Phe-Gly-Ser-Tyr-Val-Leu-OH
    —— H-Arg-Ser-Ala-Gly-Val-Pro-Phe-His-Ala-Lys-OH —— C48H76N16O12
    H-Arg-Ser-Ala-Gly-Val-Pro-Phe-His-Ala-Lys-OH
    —— Ac-Leu-Thr-Ile-Glu-Ser-Ala-Ser-Asp-Glu-Glu-NH2 —— C46H75N11O22
    Ac-Leu-Thr-Ile-Glu-Ser-Ala-Ser-Asp-Glu-Glu-NH2
    —— H-Ile-Val-Glu-Phe-Val-Pro-Asp-Phe-Ser-Val-OH —— C56H82N10O16
    H-Ile-Val-Glu-Phe-Val-Pro-Asp-Phe-Ser-Val-OH
    —— H-Gly-Ile-Phe-Gly-Ala-Ile-Ala-Gly-Phe-Ile-Glu-OH —— C53H79N11O14
    H-Gly-Ile-Phe-Gly-Ala-Ile-Ala-Gly-Phe-Ile-Glu-OH
    —— H-Gly-Gly-Lys-Lys-Ala-Thr-Gln-Ser(PO3H2)-Gln-Glu-Tyr-OH —— C50H82N15O22P
    H-Gly-Gly-Lys-Lys-Ala-Thr-Gln-Ser(PO3H2)-Gln-Glu-Tyr-OH
    —— H-Ser-Leu-Thr-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Val-Gly-Tyr-Thr-OH —— C41H65N11O16
    H-Ser-Leu-Thr-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Val-Gly-Tyr-Thr-OH
    —— H-Ser-Val-Val-Asn-Ile-Thr-Gly-Asn-Val-Gln-OH —— C43H75N13O16
    H-Ser-Val-Val-Asn-Ile-Thr-Gly-Asn-Val-Gln-OH
    —— H-Phe-Glu-Thr-Thr-Ser-Glu-Arg-Gly-Ser-Gly-OH —— C43H67N13O19
    H-Phe-Glu-Thr-Thr-Ser-Glu-Arg-Gly-Ser-Gly-OH
    —— H-Val-Leu-Asp-Asn-Ile-Ile-Leu-Gly-Asn-Glu-OH —— C48H82N12O17
    H-Val-Leu-Asp-Asn-Ile-Ile-Leu-Gly-Asn-Glu-OH
    —— H-Arg-Thr-Asp-Leu-D-Asp-Ala-Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly-Gly-OH —— C45H79N17O17
    H-Arg-Thr-Asp-Leu-D-Asp-Ala-Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly-Gly-OH
    —— H-Ala-Val-Thr-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ser-OH —— C40H68N14O17
    H-Ala-Val-Thr-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ser-OH
    —— H-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ile-Gly-Ile-Leu-Thr-Val-OH —— C46H76N10O13
    H-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Gly-Ile-Gly-Ile-Leu-Thr-Val-OH
    —— H-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Ala-Pro-Gly-Gly-Pro-OH —— C34H48N10O12
    H-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Ala-Pro-Gly-Gly-Pro-OH
    —— H-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly-Glu-Gly-Gly-Ala-OH —— C25H40N10O13
    H-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly-Glu-Gly-Gly-Ala-OH
    —— H-Gly-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Val-Asp-Ala-Thr-Ile-Thr-Val-Tyr-Ala-Val-OH —— C69H114N16O21
    H-Gly-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Val-Asp-Ala-Thr-Ile-Thr-Val-Tyr-Ala-Val-OH
    —— H-Leu-Tyr-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Met-Phe-Glu-Asn-Leu-OH —— C59H88N12O19S
    H-Leu-Tyr-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Met-Phe-Glu-Asn-Leu-OH
    —— H-Ser-Ser-Ala-Gly-Gln-Leu-Val-Leu-Pro-Glu-Cys-Met-Lys-Leu-OH —— C63H110N16O20S2
    H-Ser-Ser-Ala-Gly-Gln-Leu-Val-Leu-Pro-Glu-Cys-Met-Lys-Leu-OH
    —— H-Lys-Met-Leu-Gln-Asn-Asp-Ala-Ile-Lys-Lys-Asn-Leu-Glu-Ser-OH —— C69H122N20O23S
    H-Lys-Met-Leu-Gln-Asn-Asp-Ala-Ile-Lys-Lys-Asn-Leu-Glu-Ser-OH
    —— H-Val-Cys-Ser-Met-Glu-Asn-Thr-Arg-Ala-Thr-Lys-Met-Gln-Val-Ile-OH —— C69H123N21O23S3
    H-Val-Cys-Ser-Met-Glu-Asn-Thr-Arg-Ala-Thr-Lys-Met-Gln-Val-Ile-OH
    —— H-Cys-Gly-Pro-Ile-Pro-Val-Leu-Glu-Asn-Gly-Leu-Phe-Gly-Pro-Cys-OH —— C68H106N16O19S2
    H-Cys-Gly-Pro-Ile-Pro-Val-Leu-Glu-Asn-Gly-Leu-Phe-Gly-Pro-Cys-OH
    —— H-Met-Arg-His-Gly-Asp-Ile-Ser-Ser-Ser-Asn-Asp-Thr-Val-Gly-OH —— C57H94N20O24S
    H-Met-Arg-His-Gly-Asp-Ile-Ser-Ser-Ser-Asn-Asp-Thr-Val-Gly-OH
    —— H-Leu-Val-Val-Gly-Leu-Cys-Thr-Gly-Gln-Ile-Lys-Thr-Gly-Ala-Pro-Cys-OH —— C67H118N18O20S2
    H-Leu-Val-Val-Gly-Leu-Cys-Thr-Gly-Gln-Ile-Lys-Thr-Gly-Ala-Pro-Cys-OH
    —— H-Glu-Leu-Met-Gly-Thr-Leu-Gly-Ile-Val-Cys-Pro-Ile-Cys-OH —— C58H101N13O17S3
    H-Glu-Leu-Met-Gly-Thr-Leu-Gly-Ile-Val-Cys-Pro-Ile-Cys-OH
    —— H-Ala-Leu-Trp-Met-Thr-Leu-Leu-Lys-Lys-Val-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys-OH —— C85H149N21O18S
    H-Ala-Leu-Trp-Met-Thr-Leu-Leu-Lys-Lys-Val-Leu-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys-OH
    —— H-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ile-Phe-Gln-Ser-Ser-Met-Thr-Lys-Ile-Leu-Glu-Pro-OH —— C74H121N17O23S
    H-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ile-Phe-Gln-Ser-Ser-Met-Thr-Lys-Ile-Leu-Glu-Pro-OH
    —— H-Phe-Ala-Gly-Leu-Gly-Pro-Arg-Glu-Lys-Gly-Pro-Asp-Pro-OH —— C60H93N17O18
    H-Phe-Ala-Gly-Leu-Gly-Pro-Arg-Glu-Lys-Gly-Pro-Asp-Pro-OH
    —— H-Ala-Val-Ala-Glu-Ile-Gln-Leu-Met-His-Ala-Arg-Ala-Lys-OH —— C62H108N20O17S
    H-Ala-Val-Ala-Glu-Ile-Gln-Leu-Met-His-Ala-Arg-Ala-Lys-OH
    —— H-Leu-Tyr-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Phe-Pro-Glu-Asn-Leu-OH —— C59H86N12O19
    H-Leu-Tyr-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Phe-Pro-Glu-Asn-Leu-OH
    —— H-Leu-Val-Val-Gly-Leu-Cys-Thr-Pro-Gln-Ile-Lys-Thr-Gly-Pro-Ala-Cys-Arg-OH —— C76H134N22O21S2
    H-Leu-Val-Val-Gly-Leu-Cys-Thr-Pro-Gln-Ile-Lys-Thr-Gly-Pro-Ala-Cys-Arg-OH
    —— H-Val-Leu-Val-His-Pro-Gln-Trp-Val-Leu-Thr-Val-OH —— C63H99N15O14
    H-Val-Leu-Val-His-Pro-Gln-Trp-Val-Leu-Thr-Val-OH
    —— H-Cys-Thr-Val-Ala-Trp-Ala-Thr-Glu-Lys-Asp-Ser-Ile-Ser-OH —— C60H95N15O22S
    H-Cys-Thr-Val-Ala-Trp-Ala-Thr-Glu-Lys-Asp-Ser-Ile-Ser-OH
    —— H-Met-Pro-Arg-Glu-Asp-Ala-His-Phe-Ile-Tyr-OH —— C58H83N15O16S
    H-Met-Pro-Arg-Glu-Asp-Ala-His-Phe-Ile-Tyr-OH
    —— H-Glu-Cys-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ile-Gly-Asp-Glu-Leu-Asp-OH —— C53H91N15O20S
    H-Glu-Cys-Leu-Lys-Arg-Ile-Gly-Asp-Glu-Leu-Asp-OH
    —— H-Arg-Tyr-Ser-Leu-Pro-Pro-Glu-Leu-Ser-Asn-Met-OH —— C57H91N15O18S
    H-Arg-Tyr-Ser-Leu-Pro-Pro-Glu-Leu-Ser-Asn-Met-OH
    —— H-Gln-Phe-Ala-Lys-Leu-Thr-Gly-Phe-Thr-Leu-Met-Gly-OH —— C61H96N14O16S
    H-Gln-Phe-Ala-Lys-Leu-Thr-Gly-Phe-Thr-Leu-Met-Gly-OH